1902.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA, 605 



queens and workers with inert young, all taken from tlie natural 

 nest of the C colony, and established in my nest on the 7th of the 

 preceding June. Into this nest I then introduced a young worker, 

 the offspring of a C colony queen and an E colony king, whose 

 whole existence had been passed in an artificial nest that had been 

 established by me August 22, 1901. The inmates of this nest had 

 never since its establishment associated with outside ants, nor enter- 

 tained alien offspring. The young ant was amicably received in 

 the nest into which she was introduced, and was not once nabbed 

 during the succeeding half-hour, while she moved about fearlessly 

 among the hundreds of residents. Her having had an alien father 

 did not make her less acceptable to her mother's blood-relations. 



The male parent does not influence the odor oj the progeny. — Ants 

 reared from pupie segregated before hatching, never having asso- 

 ciated in any wise with other ants, and having their own odor as 

 their sole criterion, manifestly find that criterion duplicated in the 

 odor of ants of about their own age, when these ants are of the 

 same lineage as themselves on the maternal side, regardless of their 

 paternity. The hereditary odor descends through the mother, and 

 is unaffected by the father, whether he be of the same lineage as 

 the mother or of an alien colon}-. The mother alone determines 

 the intrinsic odor of her progeny. 



In August, 1901, I arranged eight new artificial nests, for the 

 rearing of ants having a recorded parentage. Into four of these 

 nests I put virgin queens of the C colony with kings of the C 

 colony ; and into four of the nests I put virgin queens of the C 

 colony and kings of either the E or the H colony. About fifty 

 workers of the C colony were put into each nest to act as nurses to 

 the expected young. During the ensuing year young was pro- 

 duced in all of these nests, and with these young ants I made ex- 

 periments, as recorded below, during the year 1902. The ants 

 used in the experiments were, unless otherwise indicated, hatched 

 from pupre that had been removed from the nest several days before 

 hatching, isolated or segregated in a clean Petri cell, and never 

 brought into association with any other ant previous to the time of 

 use in the experiment. Such ants had, then, no criterion of cor- 

 rect odor, other than that of their own bodies. 



Experiment a.— May 5. Into a clean Petri cell I put a worker 

 twenty-five days old, the offspring of a C colony queen and an E 



