608 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., 



two was permitted to join the group ; but the adult worker was 

 ostracized for eight or nine days. 



Experiment j. — June 16. Into a Petri cell occupied by two 

 minims ten days old, the progeny of a C colony queen and a C 

 colony king, and engaged in the care of inert young, I put two 

 major workers from an artificial nest of the C colony. The majors 

 were much older and stronger than the two resident ants, but they 

 submitted to being repeatedly dragged by the minims away from 

 the nursery, and Ihey were not allowed to join in the care of the 

 young until after many days, one being ostracized until June 30, 

 the other until July 4. 



Experiment k. — July 27. Into a Petri cell containing four 

 workers, each twenty-three days old, the progeny of a C colony 

 queen and a C colony king, and engaged in the care of introduced 

 pupse, I put, one by one, five young ants, just taken from the 

 natural nest of the C colony. Every one of these introduced ants 

 was dragged to the side of the cell opposite the nursery, and were 

 there cast down. If I lifted Ihe cover of the cell they were 

 dragged outside it. 



I then chose callows from Ihe natural nest, and likewise intro- 

 duced them one by one into this cell. All were received without 

 sign of dislike. In a few hours or days all the ants Avere grouped 

 together about the pupse. 



Experiment I. — On the 22d of August, 1901, I segregated pupse 

 that hatched between August 27 and September 1, and I segregated 

 the callows as soon as hatched, so that Ihey never associated with 

 other ants. On the 25th of the following December, the ants 

 being then four months old and fully colored, I put into their Petri 

 cell a queen of their colony taken while still winged, and at the 

 time when these ants Avere taken as pupte from the ancestral nest. 

 This queen had since been kept in an artificial nest, with no other 

 inmates than queens and workers of her own colony. The seques- 

 tered ants at once attacked and dragged the queen, but did not 

 maim nor kill her. They continued to drag her away from the 

 inert young and to ostracize her for about ten days, and then they 

 gradually accepted her company. This indicates that no vast 

 amount of time, perhaps not more than some forty or fifty days, 

 are required for modification of the odor of the individual ant. 



Other experiments invariably brought similar result. Whenever 



