612 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., 



than these ants, and all were attacked. In these attacks on older 

 outsiders the marked ant was active. She had never before met 

 old ants. 



Experiment o. — On August 25, into a cell where there was a 

 queen who was hatched on August 5 among segregated pupce, and 

 who was isolated soon after hatching, I put seven workers all 

 under three days old. The eight ants at once snuggled together. 



Experiment p. — On August 26, into a cell containing fifteen 

 workers, all hatched from segregated pupse on August 5, I put a 

 dealated queen, also hatched on August 5. The workers at once 

 accepted the queen. As these ants had never before seen a queen, 

 they must have been guided in their acceptance of her by smell 

 rather than by feeling. Feeling would have surely revealed a 

 difference between the conformation of the newcomer and that of 

 their habitual associates. 



After half an hour I removed this young queen, and put in a 

 queen one year old. She was instantly seized and dragged across 

 the cell. 



I took her out and put in a worker more than one year old. She 

 was violently attacked and I removed her. 



I then put in an ant only a few days older than the residents. 

 She was at once allowed to join in the care of the larvse. 



I then put in another dealated queen, also hatched on August 5, 

 but since associated with older ants. She was nabbed and pulled, 

 but was afterward licked, and in fifteen minutes was snuggled. 



I took her out and put in another queen one year old. She was 

 attacked and dragged across the cell three times before I took her 

 out. 



I then put in a worker about forty days older than the residents, 

 but who had always been segregated with ants of her own age. 

 She was attacked and dragged. 



Experiment q. — On August 26, into cell A, containing many 

 workers that had hatched August 7 from pupse segregated August 

 3, and that had never since August 3 been protected from daylight, 

 I put several workers that were also hatched on August 7 from 

 pupjfi segregated August 3 in cell B, and that had always been kept 

 in darkness. They affiliated instantly, and without mutual attention. 

 I likewise put into cell B several workers from cell A, with the 

 same result. 



