614 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF [Sept., 



I then put in a queen that had lived in one of my artificial nests 

 since September 7, 1900. She was likewise violently attacked, and 

 I removed her. 



Large and small workers, a year or more old, also met with hos- 

 tile treatment. 



The results from these and all other experiments recently made 

 by me coincide with my observations during three years' study of 

 this species, and confirm my view that the cause of that diversity of 

 odor which characterizes diverse communities lies in the difference 

 in the relative ages of the communities. The queen transmits her 

 individual odor to her progeny, and it is probable, though not 

 proven, that in successive seasons the odor of the progeny varies 

 with the age of the producing queen, the odor being a product of 

 metabolism. 



Effects of light and eolor upon the ant. — The haste with which 

 the wild ants catch up their inert young and scurry into darkness 

 whenever their nests are uncovered indicates great sensitivity to light. 

 In the summers of 1901 and 1902 I reared ants from the larvae, 

 letting them pass the whole pupa-stage in full daylight, both with 

 and without ant-nurses, and I found that the ants thus reared had 

 the same color and the same activities as had their congeners simul- 

 taneously reared in darkness. 



Sir John Lubbock" has shown that the rays from which his ants 

 withdrew were the ultra-violet, and Forel' has proven that his ants 

 perceived these rays through the eyes. Accepting the results 

 attained by these eminent myrmecologists, I undertook to give my 

 ants opportunity for healthful living and for their ordinary domes- 

 tic occupations in my glass nests, and at the same time to impel 

 them to deliberate choice among the seven primary coloi's or some 

 combination of these colors. ■ I therefore established newly cap- 

 tured queens, workers and inert young in three sorts of dwellings, 

 where my earlier experiments had shown that they could live com- 

 fortably for long periods. I used the maze which is minutely 

 described in my paper, ' ' Further Study of an Ant, ' ' and which is 

 here represented in the drawing marked M ; a portable four-roomed 

 nest, made for these experiments, and represented in the drawing 



^ Ants, Bees and Wasps, pp. 211 to 217, Appleton & Co., New York, 

 1902. 



'' Experiences et remarques critiques sur les sensations des Insectes. 

 Deuxieme partie, pp. 10-24. Como, 1900. 



