1902. J NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 617 



Experiment 1. — June 8. I put into the maze four queens, fifty 

 adult workers and a half-teaspoonful of larvse, and cov^ered the 

 maze with colored panes, each covering one-quarter of the maze, 

 from side to centre. Under the spectroscope the panes showed the 

 light transmitted to be as follows : 



The red pane transmitted only red rays. 



The orange pane transmitted red, orange, yellow, green, blue. 



The green pane transmitted orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo. 



The indigo pane transmitted yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet. 



The ants spent thirty-eight days in the maze, and during that 

 time made fifty settlements therein. Their first settlement, made 

 by gathering the scattered larvae and forming a single group 

 including all the queens and workers, was under the red pane. I 

 then placed the indigo pane over the group, interchanging it with 

 the red, and the ants at once removed from under the indigo pane, 

 and again grouped themselves under the red. Whenever I put the 

 indigo pane over them they sooner or later removed from its light 

 and settled under another pane, the total result being that they 

 settled twenty-nine times under the red pane, ten times under the 

 orange pane and eleven times under the green pane. Not once 

 did they move from under the red, orange or green pane to the 

 indigo. In removing, they as often settled on the side opposite as 

 upon a side adjoining their last place of sojourn. All other condi- 

 tions remained unchanged, making it certain that their removal 

 was due solely to the interchange of the panes. 



Their earliest removals from under the indigo pane were made 

 in manifest haste, and were all made within a few minutes after 1 

 had interchanged the panes. But their haste gradually diminished, 

 and on July 2, after the thirty-sixth removal, they remained 

 several hours under the indigo pane before removing to orange. I 

 changed the panes again at 6 o'clock P.M., putting them under 

 indigo, and they passed the whole of July 3 under that pane, 

 before removing to red on July 4. Their aversion to the violet 

 rays, the only rays transmitted by the indigo pane that were not 

 also transmitted by another pane, appeared to have then subsided, 

 for they spent six whole days, from July 11 to July 16, inclusive, 

 under the indigo pane. They appeax'ed to have learned that it 

 furnished a safe shelter for them. 



