3903.] E. P. Stebbing — Exhibition of Clania prox. crameri. 1J7 



of protection. The grub takes alarm at the slightest motion and im- 

 mediately withdraws itself into its case. It is a heavy feeder. It 

 pupates within the case, closing down the bag opening at the exterior 

 end after fixing the case to a branch, and then turning round inside the 

 case so as to hang head downwards. The moth escapes at the lower end 

 of the case. Only the male leaves the case ; the female is wingless and 

 consists of an elongated yellow sac with no legs or mouth parts. She 

 is fertilised by the cf within the case itself, and this is the reason for 

 the great extension of the abdominal tip in the male moth. The female 

 lays her eggs in the case. About 9 days are spent in the pupal stage by 

 the July generation of the insect. 



The eggs laid by the July- August moths hatch out within a few 

 days of being laid, the young larvee at once leaving the case and scatter- 

 ing over the young branches of the tree. These are those of the se- 

 cond generation of the year. 



In the discussion that followed Mr. Rogers said that he bad noticed 

 some faggot worms on the Casuarinas in Port Blair (the Andamans), 

 and suggested that they might be the larva? of the same species as Mr. 

 Stebbing had obtained in Waltair and Ganjam (Madras). 



Mr. Rogers then drew attention to the occurrence of young Casua- 

 rina trees on the North and West Coast of the Little Andaman and also 

 their occurrence in Car Nicobar (West Coast) and Great Nico- 

 bar also on the West Coast, and suggested that as the genus was so far 

 as he knew essentially an Australian one, that the seed might have been 

 water-borne and have come across from Madras. The seed of the Ca- 

 suarina ripens in Madras in May, and the South- West monsoon commences 

 early in June, which would seem to point the possibility of the introduc- 

 tion of the Casuarina into the Nicobars and Andamans in this way. It 

 is true the Casuarinas have been planted at Poit Blair (Anda- 

 mans) and Nancowry (Central Nicobars) on the hills near the harbour, 

 but few young seedlings have resulted naturally from these trees, the 

 young trees referred to above being confined to the sea-shore. 



Dr. A. Caddy stated that he knew Australia and that the genus, 

 with the exception of Casuarina equisitifolia, was confined to the Aus- 

 tralian Continent, but that the species named had been reported from 



Mr. Bathgate then asked how the moth could have got to the An- 

 damans from Madras. Mr. §tebbing pointed out that there was no proof 

 of the identity of the species, as no moths had been reared by Mr. Rogers 

 in the Andamans, and it was therefore impossible to say that the laivse 

 noticed as occurring in that locality were identical with those collected 

 in the Casuarina plantations of Madras. 



