140 L. de Niceville — On the Pupoe of hoo Indian [March, 



Of the other pupa I have long possessed a single example from 

 which the imago has escaped, obtained by Colonel G. F. L. Marshall, R. E., 

 at Simla. The species is Dodona diirga, Kollar, a butterfly which is some- 

 what similar to N. lucina in the imago state. This pupa is also attached 

 to the underside of a small leaf near the tip, the long axis of the pupa being 

 parallel to the midrib, over which it partly lies, with the head directed 

 towards the tip of the leaf. It is fixed in position by the tail, and by a 

 median girth as in Z.Jiegyas, from which it only differs (as far as I can 

 judge from empty shells only) in being less flattened and narrower 

 throuo-hout, the abdominal segments especially being much attenuated 

 and ending almost in a point as in A. prmiosa. It does not appear to 

 have been covered with hair. 



As far as the pupae go, the Old World species would appear to 

 shew that the subfamily Nemeobimce would be better placed with the 

 family Lyccenidoe than with the family Nymphalidce, agreeing with the 

 former also much more closely in the larva stage. But some of the 

 New World Nemeohiince have the pupse suspended by the tail only with 

 no median girth, while some of the Old World Lyccenidce also (Poritia 

 hartertii, Doherty, of which I have seen the empty pupa-case, for in- 

 stance) have the pupse similarly suspended, so that the position assumed 

 by the piTpa cannot be taken as an infallible guide in defining the 

 families of butterflies. On the ground chiefly of the extreme shortness 

 and hairiness of the forelegs of the Indian species in the imago stage, 

 the much larger average size and stouter build, as well as the invariable 

 presence of a prascostal nervure to the hind wing, I am of opinion that 

 Bates is more correct in placing the subfamily Nemeohiince with the 

 family Nymphalidce than Scudder is in claiming it as a subfamily co- 

 ordinate with Lyccenince in a family Lyccenidce. 



P. S. Since the above was placed in type, I am able to supple- 

 ment the information regarding the transformations of Z. flegyas, by the 

 following description of its larva by Mr. O. C. Dudgeon : — " Larva. 

 Length when full-grown "75 of an inch. Ovate, extremely flattened, 

 inconspicuous. Coloration pale green, head and anal segment slightly 

 lighter, all the segments laterally rounded, covered with a whitish down, 

 especially at the sides ; an indistinct doable longitudinal dorsal darker 

 green line throughout, enclosing a minute orange-rod spot on the 

 seventh and eleventh segments ; middle segments more than twice as 

 broad as they are long. Legs pale green, set well beneath the animal, 

 and rather close together. Full grown at the end of March. Feeds on 

 Mcesa montana, D. C, as kindly identified by Dr. George King, C. I. E., 

 Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. The larva 

 when about to change into the pupal stage, attaches itself to a patch 



