^ Schwartz (k Beevor, Dawn of Human Intention. 



(26) The striking end is also frequently surrounded 

 by an aureole of chijjs which have flaked off its periphery 

 where it has come into sufficiently violent contact with 

 the anvil. This condition is produced by pounding soft 

 material, as roots on a flint anvil ; the material being 

 easily crushed allows the hammer and the anvil to come 

 into frequent contact. In this case the anvil presents 

 similar characteristics to the hammer, namely, a rugous 

 surface and edge flaking. 



(27) If the object to be broken or crushed is a hard 

 one such as bone, the characteristic traces of the work 

 are somewhat different in that the cones of percussion are 

 absent, or very much reduced in number, the edge flaking 

 is also frequently not so bold. This is due to the shock 

 of the blow being received on the hard material, and 

 being transmitted to a sufficiently large area of the anvil 

 to prevent the formation of cones of percussion. The 

 material to be crushed — particularly in the case of long 

 bones — usually takes a localised bearing on the edge of 

 the anvil, and transmits to it sufficient force to produce 

 edge flaking. For the same reason the cones of per- 

 cussion are in this case absent from the hammer, and the 

 edge flaking is present in a modified degree as in the 

 anvil. 



(28) lb. Chopping Tools. There are two varieties of 

 chopping tool, the first or longitudinal type consisting of 

 a natural or artificial fragment of elongated form and 

 wedge shape in cross section. The thick edge is held in 

 the palm of the hand edge down, the arm working as with 

 a hatchet. This is the " percuteur a tranchant longitudinal " 

 or " Tranchoir " of Rutot. 



(29) The second variety is the transverse chopping 

 tool, and is formed from a fragment in the shape of a 

 trapeze considerably elongated in the direction of its 



