Manchester Memoirs, Vol. liii. (1909), No. 8- 9 



height, the broad end bearing the cutting edge. This 

 implement is the " Tranchet " or " percuteur a tranchant 

 transversal " of Rutot, and is gripped between the fingers 

 and the palm of the hand, with the cutting edge down- 

 wards, the tool working as an adze. 



(30) The characteristic traces of the work found on 

 chopping tools take the form of a number of flakes 

 irregularly displaced from the cutting edge. Owing to 

 the fact that the object to be cut is usually placed opposite 

 the median line of the body, and that the blows are 

 delivered a little from one side, it will be found that a 

 larger number of flakes are detached from one side of the 

 choppers than from the other. {Fig. IB.) 



(31) From the relative sizes of these two types of 

 chopper, it would appear that the longitudinal variety, 

 which is the larger, was employed for the coarser kinds of 

 work, while the lighter transverse type was reserved for 

 less severe service. 



(32) As regards the dressing for holding the tool, with 

 the longitudinal type, it is usually confined to the removal 

 of inconvenient excrescences, and the blunting of the 

 edges of the thick end, while in the transverse type, which 

 is grasped in the hand, more careful dressing is required 

 to prevent the fingers and the palm of the hand from 

 being wounded. 



(33) If the action of chopping, as of pounding, be 

 continued for some time, the cones of percussion formed, 

 and the flakes detached from the chopper become so 

 numerous and intersect so frequently that the surface 

 material breaks away in splinters giving rise to what may 

 be termed a " crevassed " appearance, which is character- 

 istic of these modes of striking. {Fig. lA.) 



(34) Ic. Pick Hammers. This type is simply the 

 common elongated nodule, one or both ends of which are 



