Manchester Memoirs, Vol. (Hi. (1909), No. 8. 29 



resemble more the knives from the gravel. The larcjer 

 tools one is not surprised to pick up but seldom, as they 

 are likely to have been removed from the fields. 



VI. EoLiTHic Chipping. 



(93) Mr. S. Hazeldine Warren, in an able paper on the 

 origin of Eolithic flints by natural causes* suggests the 

 following possible means by which Eoliths may have 

 been formed : — 



(i) Human agency. 



(2) Water abrasion by wave action. 



(3) Water abrasion by streams, rivers, and floods. 



(4) Soil abrasion by the pressure and movement 



of soil creep and foundering. 



(5) The drag of ice. 



(6) Wear and tear on the surface of the ground. 



(94) Of these, the Human agency is the only one that 

 is applicable to all the situations in which Eoliths have 

 been found, the five remaining agents have to be invoked 

 in turn to account for chipping, which has a common 

 character independent of the location of the implements. 



(95) ^^ ^•'6 prepared to admit that some of the 

 agents referred to may, under certain circumstances, pro- 

 duce flaking effects, which simulate those found on 

 Eoliths, but in considering the flaking produced by any 

 given agent, we must also consider its concomitants. 

 Thus, in the case of wave action, it has been shown by 

 Hahne and Rutotf that the Pseudo-Eoliths produced 

 under particular conditions at a certain part of the coast 

 of the Island of Ruegen are ephemeral. After being 

 exposed for a short time to the grinding action of large 



* Jotirnal of the Anthropological Institute, vol. 35, 1905. 

 t " Eolithes et Pseudo-Eolithe?." Communication by A. Kutol to the 

 Societe d'Anlhropologie de Bruxelles, Jan., 1906. 



