MancJiester Memoirs, Vol. liii. (1909), No. 10. 7 



amount, having been chipped along one or both edges, 

 and occasionally, to some extent, on the face ; the base in 

 many cases is worked into a distinct tang. Plate II. 

 exhibits a few typical examples from Culbane. 



Scrapers. — A few of the flint flakes have been chipped 

 into a rounded outline at the ends or sides, so as to form 

 " scrapers." The various forms given by Evans ('97), the 

 horseshoe-shaped (figs. 204, 205, etc.), the kite-shaped 

 (fig. 212), the disc-shaped (fig. 219), as well as the flat 

 and hollowed forms (figs. 225 and 226A), are all repre- 

 sented in the collections from Culbane. In Mr. Bell's 

 collection is a Culbane example, 3^ inches long and 

 3 inches wide, trimmed on three of its edges ; it looks as 

 if designed either for a scraper or chopper. 



Knives. — Several of the long narrow flakes should be 

 classed undoubtedly as knives. The Darbishire collection 

 contains a number of interesting examples from Culbane. 

 They vary from 2 to 5 inches in length, and the cutting 

 edge, usually curved, is formed by the natural fracture of 

 the flint. The opposite edge, which, if left shari3, would 

 be found very troublesome, has been dressed and blunted, 

 especially near the pointed end of the flake where the 

 index finger of the user was no doubt placed. The broad 

 end has been formed into a tang, either for insertion into 

 a handle, or, if of sufficient length, for use without. 

 {Plate II.) 



Borers. — Under the head of borers might be classed a 

 number of small, slender, pointed implements of flint 

 found at Culbane. They are an inch or more in length 

 and about three quarters of an inch wide at the base, and 

 are finely chipped along both edges. They might have 

 served either as small borers or as arrow-points. Fig. 228, 

 given by Evans ('97), illustrates this type. Large borers, 

 heavy at the butt and chipped to a long point at the 



