84 C. J. Rodgers — "Report on {he Sangla Tihba. [June, 



by Alexander the Great in bis invasion of tbe Punjab. This is what 

 is said, of it in Arrian's Aiu-abasis, Book V, Chapters XXII to XXIV. 

 Chapter XXI tells us : " He himself, i. e., Alexander, crossed the river 

 Hydraotes " and " he was advancing into the country beyond the 

 Hydraotes." (N. B. — The Hydraotes was the Ravee on crossing which 

 Alexander would be in the Bari Doab.) 



CHAPTER XXII. 



" Alexander meanwhile had learned that the Kathaians and other 

 tribes of independent Indians were preparing to meet him in battle if 

 he invaded their country, and were inviting the neighbouring tribes, 

 which were independent like themselves, to co-operate with them. 

 Be learned also that the city near ivhich they meant to engage hivi teas 



STRONGLY FOKiiFiED, and icas Called Sangala." "Alexander, on 



receiving this intelligence, marched rapidly against the Kathaians, 

 and, on the second day after he had left the river Hydraotes, arrived at a 

 city named Piraprana.... which surrendered on terms of capitulation. 

 Alexander gave his troops rest the next day, and, on the third day, 

 advanced to Saugala where the Kathaians and the neighbouring tribes 

 that had joined them were mustered before the City and drawn up 

 in battle order on a loio hill which was not on all sides precipitous. 

 They lay encamped behind their waggons, which, by encircling the 

 hill in three i-ows, protected the camp with a triple bari'icade. Alexan- 

 der, on perceiving the great number of the barbarians and the nature 

 of the position they occupied, drew up his army in the order which 

 seemed best suited to the circumstances, and at once despatched against 

 them the horse archers just as they were, with orders to ride along 

 and shoot at the Indians from a distance, so as not only to prevent 

 them making a sortie before his own dispositions should be completed, 

 but to wound them in their stronghold even before the battle began. 



******* 



CHAPTER XXIII. 

 * * " Yes, even from these waggons they were forcibly driven 



by the phalanx of infantry and even at the third row they no longer 

 held ^•round, but fled with all the haste they could into the city, and 

 shut themselves within its gates. Alexander that same day encamped 

 with his infantry around the city, as far at least as the phalanx enabled 

 him to surround it, /or, the toull was of such great extent that his camp 

 coidd not completely environ it. Opposite the part where the gap was 

 left, and where also was a lake not far from the Avails, he posted the 

 cavalry all round the lake, as he knew it not to be deep, and at the 

 same time anticipated, that the Indians, terrified by thcii- previous 



