region lying between the mainland and outer coastal 

 areas. Three major time divisions are used to indi- 

 cate the peak period that the major species are found 

 in the stream. "Early" designates peaks before 

 August 15; "middle, " peaks between August 15 and 

 September 15; "late, " peaks after September 15. The 

 range of time in which the major species are found in 

 the streams is given by months. 



Escapement magnitudes - --These are esti- 

 mates of the total escapement, based on stream counts 

 of the peak abundance of salmon, multiplied by a 

 certain factor. This factor was determined from 

 stream tagging experiments conducted at Herman 

 Creek in 1953 by the Fisheries Research Institute, who 

 found the total escapement was between two and three 

 times the peak count. The range of the escapement 

 magnitude is given in thousands. 



Spawning facilities. --This includes a gen- 

 eral classification rating of poor, fair, good, excellent, 

 etc. The rating is based on estimates made by various 

 individuals. 



Stream temperatures. — In this classification, 

 the following general ranges are used for each stream. 

 Each range is for the 3-month period (July, August, 

 and September) in which the majority of the salmon 

 spawning migrations occur: 



Cold range, averaging less than 50° F. , 

 usually an early run stream. 



Normal range, averaging between 50'' F. , 

 and 55° F. , usually a middle run stream. 



Warm range, averaging over 55° F. , usually 

 a late run stream. 



These ranges generally correspond to the 

 geographic location of the stream and time of the runs. 

 Where only limited temperature information is avail- 

 able for a stream, the range has been estimated from 

 its location and timing of the run. Cold-range streams 

 are usually found along the mainland or on the larger 

 islands in the northern part of Southeastern Alaska . 

 Warm-range streams are usually found along the outer 

 channels and coastal areas, which are dependent upon 

 precipitation as the primary source of supply. The 

 normal-range streams appear to fall geographically 

 between and may combine characteristics of both 

 cold- and warm-range streams. Timing of the 

 salmon runs, especially pink salmon, also follows the 

 geographic distribution outlined above. Recording 

 thermograph data, available from a number of streams 

 with known escapement timing, have been used as a 

 basis for comparison. 



Valley description. --Glaciol, "stream- 

 cut, " etc. , describe valley origin with a general 



description of the outstanding features such as length, 

 width, timber, slopes, directions, etc. They have 

 been obtained from aerial photographs and by 

 direct observations. 



Drainage area . --This has been either esti- 

 mated in square miles or computed with a polar plan- 

 imeter from aerial photographs. Estimates of the 

 drainage area of large systems have been taken from 

 the small-scale, key, composite photographs and are 

 less reliable. Data from Water Power of South - 

 eastern Alaska 1947 are included when available. 

 Descriptions are given of supply sources, drainage 

 topography, and characteristics governing water 

 quality and temperature ranges during spawning from 

 the editor's interpretation of aerial photos and local 

 knowledge. 



Stream mouth identification. --This is a 

 description of some general features visible at the 

 stream mouth. 



Anchorage. --Descriptions of temporary 

 anchorages which have been used for short stops by 

 stream survey vessels are given. Overnight and storm 

 anchorages are given in the U. S. Coast Pilot. 



Trails and survey routes. --These include 

 descriptions of trails that have been used by ground 

 parties on stream surveys. Where other than the 

 streambed was used, a description of routes is given, 

 including difficult points, identification, outstanding 

 features, presence of brown bears, etc. 



Aerial survey notes. --The notes include 

 remarks from various individual observations on the 

 visibility in each stream and the conditions con- 

 sidered necessary for adequate observations. Ap- 

 proaches to valley, starting points, and any known 

 hazards are described from aerial surveyor's notes and 

 the editor's knowledge of the area. 



Intertidal zone 



Length . --The distance is given in miles 

 from mean high to mean low tide, obtained from 

 aerial photographs measured to the nearest tenth of a 

 mile. Where low tide locations were not known the 

 measurement was made from the edge of tidal flats 

 visible in the photographs. 



Average width . --These estimates in feet, 

 based on observations by various individuals. 



Average depth. --These are estimates in 

 inches, or in feet in larger systems, based on obser- 

 vation by various individuals. 



