IN TIMOB'LAUT. 343 



being loss than that of any of tlio other males. These conditions arc 

 usually concomitant, as ^vas shown by Professor Wiesbach, and arc 

 indications of a ^kuU not having attained its full deyelopmont, as in tliia 

 case, or of the permanent retention of a child-like character ^vlicn occurr- 

 ing in the fully adult skull^ as is not uncommon in women. Epitcric 

 bones are preseut in three of the female crania, Nos. 1, 7. and 9. In the 

 male skull No. 10 tlic squamosals articulate with the frontal, the ahe 

 sphenoid not intervening between them, as is usually the oaRO. The 

 zygomatic arches can be seen in most instances projecting beyond tli© 

 outline of the cranium in the fronto-parictal region — tliat is to say, the 

 skulls are usually i)liainozygous, though more so in some cases than in 

 others. In order to estimate the amount of ;:ygomatic projection, or 

 the relation of the maximum cranio-facial breadtli to the fronto-parirtal 

 breadth at the stephanion, Topinard has suggested the formation of an 

 index from the bi-zygon\atic and bi-stephanic breadths, in place of the 

 angle of Qnafrefnges, which can only be measured by means of a coni]»Ii- 

 cated goniometer. Taking the former breadth as 100, 1 find that the hi- 

 zygostephanic index of the brachycephalic male skulls averages 87'6, and 

 of the female 87'4, and of the dolichocephalic female 9-4 '2. 



In order to compare these averages with those of otlier races, I liavo 

 worked this out in the series of Andamanese skulls and of Fijians i>ub- 

 lished by Professor Flower in the volumes of the ''Journal of the 

 Anthropological Institute " for 1879 and 1880, and the following arc tbo 

 results obtained : — 



Bi'Zy(josteplmnic Index, 



Andamanese ., 12 lualts, 88-3; 12 females, 91 o. 

 Timor-laut -.3 „ 87m;; 5 „ 87'4, 

 Fijian .. .. G „ 80-4; 5 „ 85 -5. 



Eeforc its value can bo riqjhtly cstimatt;d it will require to be worked 

 out in a much more extended series. It may be stated, however, that 



crania with a bi-zygostephanic index of under 90 are pha;nozygns. ^ The 

 development of the inion is usually represented by Lroca's descriptiyo 

 figures 1 or 2. Though not very prominent the inion and the inner or mesial 

 extremities of the sirperior curved lines are well developed and rugged, a 

 condition to which, Professor Thane kindly reminded me, Professor Eckcr 

 has attributed considerable importance as being indicative of a simian 

 character, these ridges being the representative in man of the crests so 



anthropomorph 



apes. The sutures are, as a rule, simple, varying in tlie series from 1 to 

 3 of Brocas numbers, both in mc^ard to complexity and degree of oblite- 

 ration. In the dolichocephalic female the frontal suture is metopic 

 (see p. 3i5), but in none of the other skulls does this condition obtain. 

 The wormian bones are small in most instances. AH the brachyceplialio 

 skulls of 1>otli PCXes exhibit more or less flattening in the ()ccii)ital or 

 parieto-occipital region, such as would be produced by laying an infant, 

 without any soft material under the head, in a cradle, like that exhibitod 

 here by Mr. Forbes from Timor-laut. The dolichocephalic female and 

 child's skulls show no sign of flattening. TIjc basilar snturo is entirely 

 oSlitcrated in all instances except in the youth; no abnormality is to be 

 observed in any case in the under surface of the traniuin. 



Refjional characters offazial 'portion.— In most instances the face has a 



flat appearance. The"^ axes of the orbits are in some instances more 

 horizontal than in others. The inter-orbital portion, though not showing 

 great variation in actual width, diflfers in form on account of the projec- 

 tion of the nasal bones bein*^ nrn^atf>r. and the ascendiotr process of tlio 



o o 



