86 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JULY 
the protoplasm. He first makes a study of the antagonism of AICI, to CuSO,. 
For this study he uses the hypocotyls of Cucurbita Pepo, which are placed in the 
solution to be tested for a given time, removed, rinsed with distilled water, 
and dried with filter paper, then placed in a horizontal position in saturated 
air, and after 24 hours examined for geotropic response. The length of exposure 
at a standard temperature in a given solution that nulls geotropic reaction in 
70 per cent of the hypocotyls is termed the life-duration for the solution. 
In 0.025 ” CuSO,, the life-duration is less than 40 minutes; but if the solution 
also contains 0.15  AICI;, the life-duration is 4 hours. In this concentration 
of CuSO, higher or lower concentrations of AICI; give shorter life-durations. 
In 0.005625 m CuSO, the life-duration is about one hour, but if AICI, is present 
in 0.025 concentration, the life-duration is 22 hours; and if in 0.07 m concen- 
. tration, 26 hours. The author shows that in a given CuSO, solution for a given 
time far less Copper enters the hypocotyl when AICI, is present, but it is to 
be regretted that his determinations of copper were not quantitative. It is 
maintained that the slower entrance of the copper salt in the presence of AIC], 
is due toa lowering of the permeability of the plasma, as such, to the former, 
and not to the other possibility of lowered toxicity, for concentrations of AICI, 
that are themselves quite injurious to the cells lower markedly the rate of 
entrance of CuSO,,. 
toxicity of quinine hydrogen chloride and methyl violet to Spirogyra. The 
y, others lower it. The effect in these cases is a func- 
: d the anion, although the kations are predominant 
Slight traces of alkaloids and basic dyes in the protoplasm 
render it more subject to deformation by the salts used, whether the latter act 
antagonistically or not.—Wxy. CROCKER. 
Scovered on Mount Hermon, but later it was found 
ec rent conditions in the Jordan Valley, and probably 
oe eas range. It is especially abundant on limestone formations, 
* Cook, 0. F Wild wheat ; 
2 VU. F,, eat ° : 
Agric. pp. 56. figs. r1. bls. 15, eg ph ee: Bind, U5. Dae 

