308 : BOTANICAL GAZETTE [OCTOBER 
genus known to germinate with hypogeic cotyledons. As for the 
seedlings of the Verbenaceae, the cotyledons are epigeic in the 
genera examined by Lupsock’ (Verbena, Lippia, Clerodendron, 
Callicarpa, Stachytarpheta, and Rhaphithamnus). 
The subterranean organs of the mature plant 
An examination of the subterranean portion of the mature 
plant (fig. 3) shows that the primary root has faded away com- 
pletely, but is replaced by several strong secondary roots, which are 
brownish, somewhat fleshy in texture, and which traverse the 
ground horizontally, all developed from the lowermost, very short 
internode of the floral shoot. -Furthermore, the presence of several 
axillary buds (B) is observed, covered with opposite, scalelike 
leaves; one of these buds is much larger than the others, and from 
this a new floral stem will be produced during the following season. 
The subterranean stem portion of Phryma thus merely represents 
a pseudo-rhizome with a few short, persistent internodes, a few 
over-wintering buds, and a secondary system of roots. Similar to 
the seedling, the aerial shoot of the mature plant commences with 
a long internode preceding a few shorter ones, terminated by the 
long, very slender, loosely flowered spike. There is, therefore, 4 
great resemblance between the habit of the seedling and that of the 
mature plant, with the exception of the early disappearance of the 
primary root in the latter. 
The root 
None of the roots, neither the primary root nor any of the 
secondary roots of the seedling or of the mature plant, contain 
fungal hyphae, otherwise not infrequent in plants growing in shady 
localities; and in none of the roots was secondary increase to be 
traced beyond the stele. Root hairs abound, and a distinct exoder- 
mis with the cell walls suberized, and with foldings on the radial 
walls, was observed in the secondary roots, but not in the primary- 
The cortical parenchyma is homogeneous, compact, filled with 
starch in the secondary roots only. The endodermis is thin-walled, 
4 Contribution to our knowledge of seedlings. London. 1892 (p. 367): 

