1913] LIVINGSTON—TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS 357 
cesses in animals, by Lors*® and his co-workers, and SNyDER™ has 
emphasized the value of non-chemical temperature coefficients in 
the study of physiological velocities. An excellent statement of 
this whole problem, especially with regard to plants, is included in 
BLackMAn’s Dublin presidential address,* where he discusses also 
the determination of the effect of temperature on the rate of 
division of the flagellate Chilomonas paramoecium, as carried out by 
MaLtaux and Massarr,* and points out that the temperature 
coefficient here really dealt with has a magnitude of about 2.4. 
BLACKMAN’s concluding sentences in this address are worthy of 
quotation here, for their general bearing on the nature of the 
question with which we are dealing: 
e it seems impossible to avoid regarding the fundamental processes 
of anabolism, katabolism, and growth as slow chemical reactions catalytically 
accelerated by protoplasm and inevitably accelerated by temperature. This 
soon follows if we once admit that the atoms and molecules concerned possess 
the same essential properties during their brief sojourn in the living nexus as 
they do before and after. 
In much of the work that has been published on vital tem- 
perature coefficients, relatively simple physiological processes 
have been considered, and it seems allowable to conclude, at least 
tentatively, that most of the elementary chemical processes of 
living things go on according to the principle of vAN’t Horr and 
% An apparently complete list of citations for the contributions bearing upon this 
general subject, including those here referred to, up to November 1908, is given in the 
following personally polemical article: Lors, J., RoBERTSON, T. B., MAXWELL, S. S., 
; Cartes D. S 
N.S. 28:645-648. 1908. This paper is to be read in connection with SnypER’s 
calmer reply: Snyper, C. D., A reply to the communication of Messrs. Lozs, Max- 
WELL, BURNETT, and ROBERTSON. Science N.S. 28:795-797- 1908. 
NYDER, C. D., Der Temperaturkoefficient der Geschwindigkeit der Nerven- 
bint: Arch. Anat. aa Physiol., Physiol. Abt. Jahrg. 1907. 113-145. 
——, A comparative study of the temperature coefficients of the velocities of 
various physiological activities. Amer. Jour. eobsw 22: $209 334- —_ 
*s BLACKMAN, F. F., The metabolism of th 
Dredidesnas Ad Addeess, Botanical Section, British siccaties. Dublin meeting, 1908. 
Science N.S. 28:628-636. 1908. 
** Mattaux, Marta, and Massart, JEAN, Sur les excitans de la division cellulaire. 
Ann. Soc. Roy. Sci. Méd. et Nat. Bruxelles 15: 1-53. 1906; Recueil de I’Inst. Bot. 
Bruxelles 4:369-421. 1906. ‘ 

