448 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [NOVEMBER 
noted, but occasionally a conspicuous bipolar spindle was seen. Calycularia 
therefore seems to be a suitable form for settling the FARMER-MoorE con- 
troversy, and it is greatly to be regretted that CAMPBELL’s material is so scanty. 
He thinks that Calycularia radiculosa should be made the type of a new genus 
intermediate between Mérkia and forms like Makinoa or Pellia.—W. J. G. 
LAND 
Embryo sac of Aglaonema.—CAMPBELL” has published a further study of 
the embryo sac and embryo of Aglaonema, the species investigated being 
A. simplex and A. modestum. Among the results are the following: the 
primary sporogenous cell develops the embryo sac directly; the first divisions 
in the embryo sac result in four free nuclei arranged in pairs, and only one of 
the micropylar nuclei divides, producing the synergids, the other without 
division becoming the egg nucleus; there is no nuclear fusion preceding endo- 
sperm formation and there are no definite antipodal cells; no evidence of 
fertilization was seen; the sac becomes filled with endosperm tissue; in embryo- 
formation the synergids remain intact, “and it sometimes looks as if they also 
contributed to the tissues of the embryo”; the embryo finally completely fills 
the sac, the body regions being differentiated at a late stage in the development. 
are . 
Sex in Onoclea.—Miss Wurst™ has used Onoclea Struthiopteris in an 
investigation to determine whether the sex of the dioecious gametophytes 1s 
predetermined in the spore. Soil and solution cultures were employed, also 
different intensities of insolation. The work has extended through several 
years, so that the results are well established, the fundamental one being that 
the sex of the gametophyte is not predetermined in the spore. It was shown 
that the gametophyte is either monoecious or apparently dioecious according 
to its age and environment; for example, in younger cultures in soil 5 per cent 
of all the gametophytes were monoecious; in older cultures 15 per cent were 
monoecious. A striking result was that 90 per cent of the gametophytes 
which originally bore archegonia were induced later, by “favorable conditions 
of nutrition,” to produce antheridia; while 5 per cent of the gametophytes 
which originally bore antheridia were induced later to produce archegonia. 
he ‘‘male tendency” appeared to be latent in all parts of the apparently 
female gametophyte. The effect of various cultures and the incidental 
responses of various kinds are very suggestive.—J. M. C. 
% CAMPBELL, D. H., The embryo sac of Aglaonema. Scottish Bot. Review 1:110- 
115. pls. I-4. 1912. 
* Wutst, ExizaBeta Dororny, Sex and development of the gametophyte of 
Onoclea Struthiopteris. Physiol. Researches 1:93-132. figs. 15. 1913- 
