1913] JOHNSON—COASTAL SUBSIDENCE 453 
earth from about the roots of the trees along the low coast and thus 
exposing them to salt water. The barrier beach which separates 
the bay from the ocean is interrupted by several tidal inlets; and 
a variation in the number and width of these inlets has permitted 
a local rise in the high tide surface with a consequent invasion of 
the forest by the salt water (see section 2 below). The dead 
forests along the coasts of New Jersey, the Carolinas, and Georgia, 
many of which I have examined, are most frequently to be explained 

es +45 f coastal 
IG. 1.—Live trees in Albemarle Sound, giving fictitious appearance 0 
F 
subsidence, 
as the result of such local fluctuations of high tide level. I rap 
seen no case where the killing of the trees could saiely . mare 
to a sinking of the coast. On the contrary, the SEE r - a 
dead trees at those points on the coast most favorable to t e€ a 
tion of the local causes mentioned above, and ee fi i 
described later, is sufficient evidence that their death is not the 
result of a general subsidence of the land. oleae the 
As a variant of the above type of evidence, one may las 
ina f heads of 
occurrence of live trees standing in deep water at the 
