40 | ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 
: is then suspended in butter. 
3 trong alum water, the colour is t ! 
prepared by pane — eaeeneel — charged with colour. ‘The colour pipet 
fa a cant to be renewed from time to time, by a repetition of the above simple 
aces, 
process. 
XVI.—VIOLARIEA. 
istri i i i in almost every part of the 
idely distributed order, its species being found in a 
i tne AS Ahr Ai in America. A few only have as yet been found in tropical re 
Those of India, like the European ones. are all diminutive herbs or suffruticose plants, but the 
American ones attain the size of considerable shrubs or even small trees. The leaves are 
Essentrat Cuaracrer, Polypetalous: stamens fewer than 20: ovary superior of several 
carpels, combined into a single capsule, with more placentas than one. Leaves dotless, straight. 
when young, furnished with stipules, 
Grocrapuicat Disterpution. As already observed the species of this order are met 
with in every part of the world, but certain| 
In Europe, as in India, the forms of Violarieae aré 
either herbs or small shrubs, the latter ho i 
: ba, the latter genus as yet unobserved in the Peninsula. Of these, the species 
of Viola always occupy alpine situations, whi 
the plains. Pentaloba is found in Bengal and in Cochin China 
are also found in Java, ie he 
Properties AND Uses. Under this head Wwe possess little information derived from Indian 
experience, two species only being met with on the plains, and these small plants, but little 
regarded. ey are however members of a genus ( lonidium ) remarkable for the number of 
its species, endowed with rather Strong emetic Properties, so much so indeed is the case with 
some of them, that it was long supposed the tree Ipecacuana was derived from one of them, 
~~ 
