114 ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 
XXXIII.—GUTTIFERA. 
This is a small, strictly tropical, order, few being found to extend even a very few degrees 
beyond the tropics. For the most part it consists of trees, many of considerable dimensions, - 
abounding in yellow resinous juice, that of some of the species, forming the well known Gam- 
boge of commerce. ‘The leaves are opposite, coriaceous, usually short petioled, simple, entire, 
I-nerved, with numerous transverse parallel veins, and without stipules. The flowers are either 
hermaphrodite or unisexual, either axillary, solitary, or racemose, or in terminal panicles ; occa- 
sionally in lateral fascicles. 
Calyx free, often persistent, 2-4-6 or 8 sepaled, the sepals often coloured, resembling petals, im- 
bricated by alternate pairs, the exterior ones often larger. Petals hypogynous, as many as the 
sepals, and alternate with them, or occasionally there are 4 in a 2-sepaled calyx, the outer pair 
passing insensibly into sepals. Stamens numerous, filaments either distinct, or combined into one, 
or four parcels, rarely definite; when unisexual, more numerous in the male flowers. Anthers 
adnate, one, two or 4-celled, bursting either lengthwise, transversely across the apex, or are cir- 
. cumsissile, sometimes, they open by a pore. Disk none, or prolonged in form of a rudimentary 
ovary in Mangostana. Ovarium solitary, superior, one or several celled, ovules solitary, or 
several, erect, or attached by the middle to a central placenta. Style none, or short. Stigma 
peltate, entire, or radiate and lobed. Fruit, either dry or succulent, one or several celled, 
with one rarely several seed in each cell. Seeds, frequently nestling in pulp, their coat thin 
membranous apterous, frequently with an arillus. Albumen none. Embryo straight, coty- 
ledons thick, inseparable: radicle either turned to ‘or from the hilum. 
Arrinitizs. These have been already indicated under Ternstremiacee and Flypericinee, 
the orders most nearly related to this, and the distinguishing marks pointed out: to these 
therefore I beg now to refer merely observing, that hitherto, so far as my opportunities of ex- 
amining the Indian representatives of these orders extend, I have found no difficulty in discri- 
minating between them. I do not mean by this to assert that difficulties are not found in distin- 
guishing between these orders as now defined, but simply, that the Indian species seem mostly 
to appertain to the more marked, and least equivocal forms of each. Some further observations 
bearing on this subject will be found under the head of ‘ Remarks on genera and species’ below. 
few species extending beyond that limit, Xanthochymus pictorius being mentioned by Mr 
logue of the order, has but 79, and these d 
harvest for the enterprising Botanist in b 7 i i 
st lor the g oth countries. In continental i 18 
nearly unknown, but several species are natives of Madaga a aduer oe 
scar and the Mauritius. 
-_ Propertirs AND Uses. DeCandolle remarks th: ithe j 
se nhged sh; ‘D MEES. al hat without doubt the Guttifere would 
_ prove . sti value, both for medicine and the arts, were they not exclusively pa fa to the 
warmest climates, As ornamental trees they are certainly not surpassed by any in the vegetable 
