ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 165 
sarcocarp and endocarp combined. Seeds by abortion, often fewer than the ovules, pendulous 
or adnate. Embryo contained in the fleshy albumen: radicle superior: cotyledons flat,— 
Leaves exstipulate (except in Peganum), alternate (except ia Cyminosma), simple, or deeply 
lobed, or rarely pinnated, usually with pellucid dots.” 
Arrivitizs. This order is so nearly allied to those among which it is placed that most 
Botanists consider them allas forming either a class or one order divisible into so many suborders. 
These are Zygophylleae, Ruteae, Diosmeae, Zanthoxylleae, and Simarubeae, to which perhaps 
Connaraceae and Ochnaceae might be added as both possess the gynobasic structure and other 
characters associating them with this group or alliance, though differing in many others which 
it is necessary to take into account in determining affinities. 
Geocrapaicat Distrisotioy. Every quarter of the globe boasts of members of this 
family. Europe has species of Peganum Ruta and Aplophyllum. India has, in addition to 
these, Cyminosma, all referable to the first section Ruteae: while to the 2d section, Diosmeae, 
a species of Dictamnus is found in each. 
The Diosmeae abound about the Cape of Good Hope, in South America, and in New Hol- 
land. Most of these being handsome flowering shrubs some of them might be advantageously 
introduced into India, as the climates of which they are natives sufficiently accords with that 
of this country to hold out the prospect of success in any such attempt. 
Properties aND Uses. Bitterness and a strong heavy odour are the prominent peculiari- 
ties of most of the species of this order. In Europe the common rue is employed, but now only 
to a limited extent, in medicine. The Diosmas or Bucka plants of the Cape are well known 
on account of their very offensive smell: they are used there as Antispasmodics. Some of the 
American species are esteemed very powerful febrifuges, especially the Angustura bark, the 
produce of Cusparia febrifuga, one of the Diosmeae. ere are several other American 
species celebrated for the possession of similar properties, but to which it is useless to allude 
here where they are quite unknown. 
Remarks on Genera anv Species. Under this head I have nothing to offer as I only 
know three or four species, and none of them call any remark, 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 65. 
1. Cyminosma pedunculata—natural size. 9. A seed—natural size, 
2. An expanded flower. 10. The same. 
3. A petal. . 11. Testa removed. 
4. Stamens. 12. Cut longitadinally, showing the embryo and 
5. Ovary cut vertically. albumen tn sttu. 
b. — transversely. 13. Embryo removed, foliaceous—all, with the excep- 
7. A fruit not quite mature—natural size. tions mentioned, more or less magnified. 
8. ——— cut transversely, to show its 4 cells. 
XLIX.—XANTHOXYLACE. 
that it becomes exceedingly difficult to determine their limits. Though in a great measure of 
