ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY, 167 
draw useful characters from it. Of the genus Zanthozxylon for example, in all the species I have 
examined, 4 in number, the cotyledons are large with the albumen, if indeed such it be, reduced 
to a mere membranous covering. In Toddalia bilocularis it is altogether wanting. ‘True 
these may, and perhaps ought to be removed from the genera to which they are referred on 
that very account, but the fact of its absence in some and presence in others, shows how value- 
Jess it is an ordinal character in this tribe, and is still further shown by what is observed in 
Rutee and Diosmee, which, though so nearly related, are yet distinguished by the one tribe 
having albumen, the other being exalbuminous. Having premised these few remarks on this 
point of structure, I shall proceed with the extract. 
** This is one of the families which comprehend genera with both distinct and concrete 
carpella; the latter are often entirely distinct, even in the ovarium, but more frequently there is 
a union, or at least a cohesion, of the styles, by which their tendency to concretion may be 
recognized. In a few instances the carpella are absolutely solitary. 
“« The place originally assigned, and for a long time preserved, for most of the genera of 
Zanthoxyleae, proves sufficiently how near the affinity is between them and Terebinshaceae. 
If, with Messrs. Brown and Kunth, the latter are divided into several orders, Zanthoxryleae 
will be most immediately allied to Burseraceae and Connaraceae, agreeing with the former in 
the genera with a simple fruit, and with the latter in those with acompound one. Notwith- 
standing the distance which usually intervenes in classifications between Awrantiaceae and 
Terebinthaceae, there are nevertheless many points of resemblance between them; Correa has 
pointed out a passage from one to the other through Cookia, Kunth, in new-modelling the genus 
Amyris, and in considering it the type of a distinct order, suspects its near affinity with 
Aurantiaceae ; we cannot therefore, be surprised at the existence also of relations between the 
latter and Zanthoxyleae. A mixture of bitter and aromatic principles, the presence of recep- 
tacles of oil that are scattered over every part, which give a pellucid dotted appearance to the 
leaves, and which cover the rind of the fruit with opaque spaces,—ali these characters give the 
two families a considerable degree of analogy. ‘This has already been indicated by M. de 
Jussieu in speaking of Toddalia, and in his remarks upon the families of 4urantiaceae and 
Terebin. haceae ; and it is confirmed by the continual mixture, in all large herbaria, of unex- 
amined plants of Terebinthaceae, Zanthoxyleae, and Aurantiaceae. The fruit of the latter is, 
however, extremely different; their seeds resembling, as they do, Terebinthaceae, are on that 
very account at variance with Zanthoxyleae, but at the same time establish a further point of 
affinity between them and some Rutaceous plants which are destitute of albumen. Unisexual 
flowers, fruit separating into distinct cocci, seeds solitary or twin in these cocci, enclosing a 
usually smooth and blackish integument, which is even sometimes hollowed out on its inner 
edge, a fleshy albumen surrounding an embryo the radicle of which is superior, are all points of 
analogy between Zanthoxyleae and Euphorbiaceae, particularly between those which have in 
their male flowers from 4 to 8 stamens inserted round the rudiment of a pistil, and in the 
female flowers cells with 2 suspended, usually collateral, ovules. Finally, several Zan‘horyleous 
plants have in their habit, and especially in their foliage, a marked resemblance to the ash. 
The dicecious flowers of Fraximus, its ovarium, the two cells of which are compressed, having 
a single style, 2 ovules in the inside, and scales on the outside, and which finally changes into a 
samara which is ]-celled and l-seeded by abortion, all establish certain points of contact 
between Péelea and Fraximus.” Adde Juss. 
Grocrapuicat Distrisution. The greatest number of the plants of this order are found 
in tropical America, a few are natives of Africa: two of which, Zanthoxylon Senegalense and 
4. Leprieurti resembling our Z. Rhetsa, are from Senegambia, On continental India the num- 
ber hitherto discovered is not great: they appear more numerous in the Islands to the eastward. 
Blume, including Rutea, has from Java [4 species, while Roxburgh has for India only seven, 
Wallich’s list has about 28 for all India. The Peninsular flora at the time of our publication 
only presented a catalogue of 10 species for the whole order Rutacee, but for Zanthorylee 
excluding Rute@ and Ailanthee only 5, one of which is since excluded, and the genus of 
another still doubtful. In addition to the species described in the Prodromus, I have since 
