ILLUSTRATIONS OF INDIAN BOTANY. 171 
They are most readily distinguished from the preceding orders, by the insertion of their stamens 
which in Simarubeae arise from the back of hypogynous scales like those of Zygophylieae, from 
which however they are dinticiguisbed by their distinct, not united, ovaries, and from Xantho oxy- 
wanene by the absence of albumen in their seed. They are principally trees. 
‘ Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes unisexual, regular. Calyx 4-5, divided. Petals as 
many as the sepals and attend with them, hypogynous, spreading or connivent into a kind of 
tube: wstivation twisted. Stamens twice as many as the petals: each filament arising from 
the back of a hypogynous scale: anthers o opening longitudinally, Torus a gynophore, bearing 
the stamens round its base, and the varies on its summit. Ovaries 5: ovule solitary in each 
cell, suspended from the inner angle near the apex: styles distinct at the base, but above it 
uniting into one: stigmas 4-5, distinct, or combined. Fruit of 4-5 indehiscent drapes, arranged 
round the summit ‘Of the gynophore. Seeds pendulous: testa membranaceous. Albumen 
none. Radicle superior, short, partly concealed ‘within the thick cotyledons.—Shrubs or trees. 
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, without dots, simple or compound.” 
Arrinitigs. They are allied to Rutaceae and its ‘suborders as well as to Connaraceae and 
Ochnaceae, by their distinct ovaries and gynobase, but are distinguished from the former by 
the insertions of their stamens, and from the latter by their pendulous, not erect, ovules, and 
anthers, not opening by terfinal pores, to which however they approach through their exalbu- 
minous seed—Adr. de Jussieu remarks, they are known from all Rutaceous plants by the 
co-existence of these characters; namely, ovaries with but one ovule, indehiscent drupes, exal- 
buminous seeds, a membranous integument of the embryo, and by the radicle being retracted 
within thick cotyledons. 
ROGRAPHICAL Disteisution. The similarity of the Floras of the eiiters coasts of the 
preceahy ‘chi Gad: Sumadlera ‘indica i is a native of Malabar and Ceylon, while S. lucida is from 
Martaban. There is one, most probably the latter, cultivated in the gardens about Batavia in 
Java. A third lat doubtfully referred to this order is found on the Himalayas, but forms a 
distinct genus. 
Properties ano Uses. Of this order the well known Quassia so remarkable for its pure 
and intense bitter is a member, and in that property all the other species partake in a greater or 
less degree. One species a native of Brazil, is said to be so intensely bitter that no insects 
will attack it. The Himalayan plant raterred to possesses the peculiar bitterness of the family 
in an eminent degree, as does both the seed and the bark of the plant here figured. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATE 68. 
1. Samadera indica, flowering branch—natural si 5. Ovaries cut ae ea | the gynophore 
2. A flower partially dissected to show the ier to which they are attac 
tions of the stamens and the ovary. 6. Au ovary removed: va tut Fextieally: to show the 
3. A detached stamen with its attached scale. attachment of the 
4. Stamens and petals removed, showing the ele- 7. A cluster of fall Foes fruit. 
vated gynobase an@ the ovaries. - One of them cut transversely. 
. A seed removed from the capsule. 
LI.—OCHNACEA. 
This like the preceding is a small order of copes plants, for the most part under shrubs. 
Their most roe feature appertains to the fruit, one unfortunately not so well brought ont a 
it ought and would to have been in the apsoinpeariag plate, had it been possible to proc 
them in a more aacaieed stage when preparing the drawing. In this order they are seal on 
a broad fleshy gynobase at first close to each other, but becoming quite distinct, like so many 
nine- aot as AD advance towards maturity, sidan to the gynobase enlarging with their 
gro 
