76 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [JANUARY 
GOLENKIN, however, finds*® that several of the Marchantiaceae, such as 
Marchantia, Preissia, Fegatella, have typical mycorhiza, although many 
species appear to be autotrophic. The fungus cells are localized, and in 
some cases are red in color. Starch is much more abundant in the-cells that 
are free from fungi. BEAUVERIE* has made an experimental study of the 
mycorhiza of Fegatel/a conica, which he thinks to be of benefit to the host. 
Cultures in which the fungus (a Fusarium) occurs are more luxuriant than 
sterile cultures, Photosynthesis is weak, and the fungus is believed to obtain 
some of the necessary carbon. CAVERS” has made yet further studies of 
liverwort mycorhiza, but he adds little to our knowledge. 
OLLER has been studying* the mycorhiza of pine roots, and obtains 
some results which differ from those of Frank. The well known ectotropic 
mycorhiza develops in connection with the roots of Pinus sylvestris in sand 
but not in humus, whereas Frank supposed the reverse to be the case. Where 
the fungus occurs, many of the roots, especially the main roots, are free from 
it; these roots are abundantly provided with hairs, which presumably have an 
absorptive function. Pines without mycorhiza are said to thrive quite well 
in humus soils. In raw humus soils a hitherto undescribed endotropic 
mycorhiza is found. Méller doubts if we yet know the physiological signifi- 
cance of mycorhiza; especially does he doubt whether it is proven that root 
fungi increase the supply of available nitrogen. TUBEUF,” on the other ” 
nized: (1) plants with occasional, and presumably non-essential, endotropic 
mycorhiza; (2) plants with strong endotropic mycorhiza, and with. fully 
developed photosynthesis, transpiration, and absorption; (3) as in 2, except 
that the above-named functions are poorly developed (as Neottia), hence the 
fungi are probably of more consequence; (4) plants with occasional, and 
presumably non-essential ectotropic mycorhiza: (5) plants (as Pinus) with 
abundance of ectotropic mycorhiza and also of root hairs: (6) plants (Mono- 
*5GOLENKIN, M., Die Mycorhiza-ahnlichen Bildungen der Marchantiaceen. 
Flora go : 209-220. 1902. 
2 BEAUVERIE, J., Etude d’une hépati 
filamenteux. Compt. Rend. 134: 616-618 
*7 CAVERS, F., On saprophytism and mycorhiza in Hepaticae. The New Phytol- 
ogist 2: 30-35. 1903. 
78 MOLLER, A., Ueber die Wurzelbildung der ein- und zweijahrigen Kiefer im 
d Zeits. 
markischen Sandboden. orst- und Jagdwesen 1902-1903 (Bot. Centralbl. 
9: 583, 93: 257; Bot. Zeit. Gr : 329). 
que a thalle habité par un champignon 
1902. 
BEUF, C. VON, Beitrage zur Mycorhizafrage. Naturw. Zeits. Land- und 
Forstwirthschaft x : 67 ff., 284 ff., 1903 (Bot. Cent. 93 : 430, 520). 
