158 BOTANICAL GAZETTE [ FEBRUARY 
Voss FINDs that fusion and clamp-connections between hyphae, so well 
known in basidiomycetes and the higher ascomycetes, occur also in the 
Uredinales.” Sometimes the fusing hyphae are closed at the point of con- 
nection by a partition wall, sometimes there is an open fusion or plasma 
threads pass through the wall. From these structures he argues the correct- 
ness of Meyer’s view that the Uredinales became early in development a 
distinct offshoot from the fungus stem.—C. R. B 
MOLISCH HAS HAD exceptional opportunities for studying the excretion 
of water from the leaves of a caladium (Colocasia nymphaefolia Kth).™ He 
finds that drops. are ejected under favorable conditions with some fons 
(rising 1°), and so rapidly (up to 190 per minute) as to give the impression of 
a minute stream from a fountain, as Se ekaie describes it in 1672, a state- 
ment which Pfeffer declares an exaggeration.* Ina single night 97% were 
given off and in a week 1008. Molisch’s figures all far exceed those quoted 
by Pfeffer.—C. R. B. 
IN THEIR STUDIES of the Scottish fresh-water plankton, W. and G.S. 
West,*3 have reached the conclusions that Scottish - ‘phytoplankton differs con- 
siderably from that of the western parts of continental Europe; that it is unique 
in the abundance of its desmids, the most conspicuous of which are of type . 
confined almost exclusively to the extreme western and northwestern shore 
districts of Europe and to North America; that there is a remarkable scar- 
city of many of the free-swimming Protococcoideae; and that the plankton 
is much richer in species in the late summer and autumn than in the spring.— 
fey. oa 
IN A BRIEF NOTE, with five text figures, Emma Lampa describes* an 
exogenous occurrence of Anthoceros antheridia. Spores were sowed so 
thickly that the resulting plants grew upright or overrode one another. Upon 
some of these somewhat etiolated specimens antheridia developed from 
epidermal cells, along with others that arose in the normal fashion from under- 
lying tissue. Aside from the method of origin and the fact that the exogenous 
antheridia ranged free above the dorsal surface of the thallus, they did not 
differ in appearance or mode of growth from the endogenous type- bi 
author regards the exogenous antheridia as a reversion to the ancestral type 
thus explaining the persistent wall of the sunken antheridium as vestigial.— 
FLORENCE M. Lyon 
+, Ueber Schnallen und Fusionen bei = Uredineen. Ber. Deutsch. 
Bot. sca 21 : 366-371. fi. 19. 1903. 
CH, H., Das Hervorspringen von Wassertropfen aus der Blattspitze vO" 
Colocasia nymphaefolia Kth. Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesells. 21 :881-389. pi. 20. 1903 
*? PFEFFER, W., pepente ia bees: 1: 262. 1897. : 
* West, W. and G. S., Scottish fresh-water plankton. No. 1. Jour. Linn. 50¢ 
35+ 519-556. pis Weis 1903 : 
*4 LAMPA, EMMA, Radiesse Entstehung der Antheridien von Anthoceros. Oster. 
Bot. Zeits. 53 : 436-438. figs. 5. 1903. 
