

1911] Alexamlrr—Si/iioni/mical and Other Xoles on the Tipulidw {Dipteral 193 



Coiicliologj-" (Vol. Ill, p. 92, 1884), gives Limnophila, Ilart- 

 manii, as a synonym of the suborder Hi/grophila, Ferrusac (order 

 Basommatophora) . Dr. Paul Fischer in his great work, "Manuel 

 de Conchyhologie et de Pal6ontologie Conchyologique (Paris, 

 1887, p. 503) concerning the suborder Hygrophila, states tliat the 

 suborder Limnophila is a synonym. 



It is, of course, possible that a genus Linuioplilla was erected in 

 the IMollusca in 1828, in whicii case tiie name of tiie Ti])ulid geims 

 would become Limnomya, Rond., this being the first term aj)plied 

 to the genus as a whole, although the sub-genera Ehrophila, Ron- 

 dani ("56); Lasiomastex, O.S. ('60); Prionolabis, O.S. ('60); Dac- 

 tylolabis, O.S. ('60) and Dicratiophragma, O.S. ('60) were erected 

 before this genus. One, Idioptera, Macq. (Nat. Hist. Dipt., I, 

 p. 94) was proposed even before Limnophila. However, these 

 names are used by many authorities as full genera, and by others 

 as .sub-genera, all applying to groups of si)ecies contained in the 

 old genus Limnophila. If any change should have to be made, 

 it would be bettor to use the name which first covers the genus as 

 a whole. 



If there is no genus Limnophila in the MoUusca prior to 1834, 

 then the Tipulid name is perfectly valid because that section of 

 the rules of nomenclature that deals with synonymy decrees that 

 "the laws of synonymy api)ertain only to genera, subgenera, 

 species and sub-species" and consequently the Suborder Lim- 

 nophila is outside the field. 



The late Mr. D. W. Coquillet on p. 590 of his invaluable publi- 

 cation, "The Type species of the North American genera of Dip- 

 tera"* has placed the American species of the genus Lim7iophila in 

 Bigot's genus Phylldorea (Bigot, Synoptic Table, etc., p. 456) . ^ As 

 explained by Osten Sacken (Studies on Tipulidaj, pt. II, p. 234, 

 235)3 the genus Phylldorea is merely a synonym of Limnophila. 



Bigot, 1. c, p. 456, states that " the species of Limnophila, 

 Macq., provided with a discal cell are my true Tipulidw and re- 

 ceive the new generic name, Phylldorea, Bigot." But Osten 

 Sacken, 1. c, p. 235, remarks, "what species Mr. Bigot places in 



' Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 37. pp. 499-647 (1910). 



•Bigot. Ann. Soc. Entom., France, pp. 447-482 (1854). 



•Osten Sacken. C. R., Berliner Entom. Zeitschr.. Bd. XXXI. Belt II, pp. 163-242 (1887). 



