JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 13 



tribe. Other crane-flies have, as a rule, thirteen, fourteen or 

 sixteen segments to the antennae. Tlie jiupa' of tlic nr.ni/iDiiini 

 differ from all erane fly pnpa^ known to tlie authors in the 

 jii-esenee of six pairs of abdominal spiracles. The larv;T\ in the 

 powerful decussate mandibles, the ,s:reat elono-ation of the 

 uiaxilla> and the feeble chitinization of the mental i-eiiion present 

 striking- differences from other crane-fly larvtT. 



Larval hahifo.t — The larvae and pnpfe of the three forms 

 reared occurred too:ether in a gravelly sand-bank along Fall 

 Creek near Forest Home, Ithaca, N. Y. The soil in which the 

 sjiecies occurred varied from a gravel of rather coarse texture to 

 a fine clay thickly penetrated by grass-roots. Earlier in the 

 s]iring. full grown larva> of E. spinosa have been found in Fall 

 Treek, Coy Glen and other rapid streams about Ithaca, at which 

 time they occurred beneath stones far out in the bed of the 

 creek. It seems probable that most of the larva; live in sand 

 near the water's edge; that many could live beneath stones in 

 the creek seems impossible considering the closeness of search 

 l)y members of the Tjimnological classes durini>- the past few 

 .\ears. 



On the morning of April :]0, 191.S, Mr. Lloyd found adults of 

 E. longicorms very connnon on the island in Fall Creek above 

 the second bridge in Foi-est TTome. They were swar'iMiig in 

 luuubers ai-ound the flowers of Willow {Salix), that grows 

 i-ommonly on the flat shore. On the morning of May 1, Dr. 

 Xeedham and Mr. Alexander went up to this island to observe 

 the feeding habits of the species. A'ery few of the adult flies 

 wci-e 1o be seen on the win-i' Init the insecl was emerging by the 

 liundrtM], and \m\n\'. cast pupal skins and teneral adults were 

 \('iy conunon. The ])upa' of Inngicornis occurred an inch or 

 two liciieath the surface of the .gi-avel, projecting from one- 

 third to one-half of their length above the soil level, the caudal 

 end attached. A few specimens pushed up aliont two-thirds of 

 Iheir lengths and remained perfectly <|ni('t in the hot sun, 

 settling jowci- an<l lower in their cavities until almost hidden; 

 it seems pmbalilc tliat such specimens would not transform as 

 strong, lical1li\- individnals even if thev emerged at all. Most 



