106 JOUKNAI^ OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 



artel- the meltiii.i;' of tlic snow. Tlie larva of PhaUuroccra 

 rcpllcdtd L. lias ioii.o- been known to entomologists as it was 

 first li^•lll•(■(l by Deg'eer in 177(). It lives in the watei' aniong-st 

 tlic ai|iiatic ]ilants and mosses; Bengtsson and Mnes's-enbrn-g 

 believe tliat it lias Ymi one o-eneration in a year, spending the 

 entire winter in the larval state; ]\riall and Shelford, however, 

 think that it is possible that there are two or more generations 

 of rhiihuriiti'id in a single season. The species of the gemis 

 Lii)f/ii/<i (). S. ai'o terrestrial, and live on mosses of the genns 

 Hi/iniuiii Dill. They will be (•oiisi(h're 1 in detail in the remain- 

 der of the paper. 



The genns Linf/)U(i was ])rop()sed in 18fi9 by Osten Saekon 

 f(n' the two speeies known at the t]me, Ci/lindiotoina glahrnfa 

 ^ifeigen of the western Palearctie region and C. nodirornis 

 ( )sten Sacken of the eastern Nearctie region. The erection of 

 the genns at this tiin(> was merelv tentative an<l neither species 

 was designated as type; it was not nntil later that the 

 .\nierican nnfJironn.s was chosen. A third sjiecies, Liogma 

 Iniiniudi Alexander, has been described from the eastern Pale- 

 arctic region but of this form only the adnlt fly is known. 



The larva of the European species, Liogma glahrata, was 

 (irst fonnd by Mr. DeEossi in 1876. but its discoA'erer was quite 

 at a loss to identify his remarkable insect. In 1878, Osten 

 Sacken, using this short descri]ition of DePossi, ]iointed out 

 the allinities of this larwi with the ('jiHiKJmfdui'nn and sug- 

 gested that it was the lar\a of TrinfiiiKi. then unknown. In 

 inoi. T)r. ^rueggenbiirn's excellent paper on Liogma glahrafa 

 apjieareil and the larva and pn|};i are thei-eiu described in great 

 detail. The larva of glahrafa was found in the woods in the 

 environs of Berlin, in grassy wet spots where the moss, 

 Uiipinna sqiuirrn.simi Brch. & Schp., occurs. The following 

 interesting details are taken from Dr. Mueggenburg's paper: 

 the complete metamorphosis of the insect requires one year, 

 of which time but a comparatively short period is occnjiied by 

 the eQ;s; (8 to 10 days) and pupal state (11 to 12 days). The 

 duration of the adult life is not known but it is certainly short 

 and even in the male sex occupies Init a few weeks at the 



