lxxiv PROCEEDINGS OF THE 
published by the Ray Society; and Mr. Gosse’s Actinologia Britan- 
nica: to these I might add Mr. Lubbock’s History of our Smynthu- 
ride, now printing for our Transactions, which reveals to us so much 
of interest and novelty in a whole series of creatures swarming around 
us, and yet hitherto allowed to pass almost unnoticed. 
Turning to the Continent, the greater part of Europe comprised in 
the general districts of France, Germany, Scandinavia, and Russia is 
almost as rich as ourselves in general and local Floras. The works of 
Grenier and Godron, Koch, Reichenbach, Fries, Hartmann, and Lede- 
bour, give us a very good account of the pheenogamic vegetation of 
central and northern Europe; and I notice amongst recent additions, 
besides a carefully revised edition of Cosson and Germain’s Flore 
des Environs de Paris, the first part of a new and elaborate Flora of 
Norway, by Professor Blytt, containing the Monocotyledons, upon 
which the author has evidently bestowed the greatest pains. All 
that is known of the Arctic Flora has also been condensed and 
applied more especially to the extension of geographical botany, in 
Dr. Hooker’s important paper in the last part of our Transactions. 
In the south of Europe the Italians are not far behind. Bertoloni’s 
voluminous Flora Italica is very complete, although not quite up 
to the present state of science. Parlatore’s elaborate Flora Italiana 
has not yet got beyond Monocotyledons, which occupy two volumes. 
It is to be hoped that the very extended plan he has adopted may not 
stand in the way of its completion. In the meanwhile, they have 
many local Floras, amongst which Gussone’s very careful Synopsis of 
the Sicilian Flora, rather overdone, perhaps, as to species, and Moris’s 
excellent Flora Sardoa (that is to say, of the old kingdom of Sar- 
dinia), of which Dicotyledons are completed in three quarto volumes, 
are the most important. The Spanish Peninsula is much more in 
arrear. There is no professedly complete Flora since the four quartos 
of Quer, two of which are ante-Linnean, and the two last not much 
more recent; and most of what we have learnt in modern days of 
its vast botanical treasures has been from the works of foreigners, 
especially from the valuable and beautifully illustrated ones of 
Boissier and Willkomm. ‘The herbaria of Madrid contain great 
stores of materials on which to found a Spanish Flora; and that 
Spain is not deficient in botanists well qualified to make use of them 
is shown by the scattered papers of Graells, Colmeiro, Costa, and 
others: yet it is again to a foreigner that they leave the task, and 
Willkomm, author of the splendid Icones Plantarum Europe Austro- 
occidentalis, above alluded to, assisted by Dr. Lange of Copenhagen, 
has now issued the first volume of an octave Flora, completing 
