sleeve closed at one end. Long cords rttsched to. cither side of the net rre 

 pulled by tvio bonts procepding on parf:.llol octirses at identical speeds. 



During the hot months of the yeai*' 'this type of fishing is a "very produc- 

 tive occupF.ti.;n, for it is used to carM-Aire incny of the vf.rictios p.osf valued 

 on the mrkcts. Bnl the catch frlls off hcnavily in the winter." 



A snall-sizcd parelhn is used to f-fithcr the shririp kno-»vn as "carnjarao- 

 sete-barbas", which abounds in the waters near vSantos. 



Pods do es^ora and rode do emalhar are nance given to various kinds of 

 rectan.gulr.r nets v,-hich are suspended from fishing vessels or sunk by vreights 

 across the- area through which shoals of fish are expected to pass. The fish 

 arc caught in the roshes and prevented by their heads or gills from escaping. 

 The nets are pulled up periodically and the fish withdrawn. 



The tarrafa is a casting not, conical in shape and vdth much the appear- 

 ance of a largo skirt, vrith heavy folds on the insid? in ',/hich the fish are 

 caught as the not is v/ithdra'.m. The net is thrcvvn from the vessel so that 

 it lands fully opened on the water. As it falls over the school of fish, 

 the bctton is drawn tight. 



The arrrstao da rraia is a drag net tlrrovn:! from the beach. It is rec- 

 tangular in xCTKi, with a length of abciut 200 meters. It is thiTown out into - 

 the water in a great arc and is slowly pTillod to shoi-e by two groups of non 

 each holding one end C'f the net. 



The linha do fundo is a baited hand line dropped al.most to the ocean 

 bed, while tlic co rrico is a hand line traveled slowly near the surface. The 

 espinhel is a line to which a scries of fir;h hooks is att; chod and which is 

 then fj.oatcd laterally near the ocean bed. Two buoys on the surface keep the 

 line from, sinking and indicate when t^o bait has boon taken and two weights 

 on tho bcttom keep the line spread out and hold in ^xisition. 



Fishing by line, of secondary impcrtrnce, is done mainly on the islands 

 and roofs in the chain known as the "cuter islands" (Alcatrazas, Queimada 

 Grande, Queimada Pequcna and Lage., de Santos). 



The beach d^rag net, fishing by line and stationary nets are employed 

 principally by the small fishermen grouped in littlo nuclei along the cc*st 

 and fishing cither from shore or in sma.ll boats moved bj^- sail or oar. This 

 group is m.ado W) of several hundred fisherm.en but their production is smx^.ll 

 in com.parison \,dth the returns of the motorized fleet. 



Special types of casting and drag nets arc used to haul in the shirimp 

 known as "camiarao-legitimo" which is found in considerrble quantities in the 

 areas near Santos and near Cananea, where the Federal Govornr.ent has estab- 

 lished a large fish depot. 



In the? winter, fishing for the specie knovm as "tainha" becomes an im- 

 portant activity in the river estuaries, especially those of the Guaratuba^ 

 and the Itaguare where the capture is m.ade with circular nets of bamboo. "iVhen 

 the shoals of fish, migrating in search of fresh water, approach the coast, a 

 special type of drag net, the rede de tainha, is also used with outstanding 

 success, sometimes capturing more than a thousand fish at one haul. 



