transporting them to the Line Island s, and returni. .;; to Honolulu 

 with the unused bait still in good condition,, Thus some of the iao 

 were kept in the bait well for approximately 20 days„ They concluded 

 that "This species is suitable for long=distanc6 transportation if 

 properly handled„'* Iao are caught primarily during the day by the use 

 of beach seines„ ThTs~is the second most important bait fish used in 

 the Hawaiian live-bait fisheryo It occurs in varying quantities 

 throughout the leeward Hawaiian IslandSo ^ few specimens have been 

 reported from Christmas Island in the Line Island groupo Another 

 species of silverside (Atherina. ovalaua) occurs in fair quantities at 

 Canton Island in the Phoenix GFoup„ It has been reported from Hull 

 Island alsoo 



The small round herring ( Spratel 1 oide s d^eljj:^a.tulu s ) j called 

 piha in Hawaii g is a silvery fish which is very delicate and must be 

 handled very carefully if it is to survive in a bait tanko When 

 thrown overboard as chum they also school close to the vessel o In 

 factp quite often the vessel has to be moved forward to expose the 

 bait which have tsiken refuge under ito The piha is an excellent bait 

 fish but like the nehu must be used very soon after capturej, for it 

 does not survive long in a bait tanko It is caught during the night 

 by the use of a lift-net vihen. it is congregated under a submerged 

 lighto It is reported that the piha do not sound when surrounded by 

 a net in deep watero Because of'THTs behavior trait the fish may be 

 driven by swimmers into a night lift-net or into a seine during the 

 daylight hourso This fish occurs in fair quantities, at the leeward 

 Hawaiian Islands and also at Canton Island, It is utilized by the 

 Hawaiian live-bait fishermen but does not occur in important quan= 

 tities around the main Hawaiian IslandSo Only a few specimens have 

 been taien at the Line IslandSo 



The mountain bass (Kuhlia sandvicensis)^ usually known by 

 the Hawaiian name of aholehole„ is a bright silvery fish which attains 

 a maximum length of approximately 10 inches o At smaller sizes this 

 species is judged a good tuna bait because of its schooling behavior 

 when thrown, overboard as chum, its ready acceptance by the tunas^, and 

 its ability to survive long-distance transportationo A minor diffi- 

 culty with aholehole is that the spines frequently catch in the nets 

 and also tend to prick the hands of the chunanero It occurs at the 

 leeward Hawaiian Islands in large quantities « Only minor quantities 

 of mountain bass have been caught or seen at the other regions in- 

 cluded in this reporto It is caught during the day with beach 

 seines o 



The smaller individuals of the m.ullet family (Mugilidae) 

 have been used as bait whenever available., Smith and Sch"aef6r (l949) 

 used mullet 6 inches long to chum schools of yellowfm off Fanning 

 Island and reported, "These mullet behaved well when used to chum up 

 the tunao" The POFI observers aboard the Tradewind also reported 

 that mullet caught and used in the Line Islands by the fishermen of 



