22 



to transmit sandfly fever and are suspected of transmitting Oriental 

 sore and verruga. 



Except for the work of Newstead, who alone up to the present 

 has successfully applied precise methods to the identification of 

 Phlebotomus [R.A.E., B. iii, 11 ; v, 5, etc.], the descriptive bibhography 

 of this genus is in a chaotic condition. 



This paper is an attempt to establish, in accordance with Newstead's 

 and the authors' own researches, the general rules that should govern 

 the identification and description of the various species ; it also aims 

 at revising a number of imperfectly known species. 



A description of the genus is given and its characters are discussed. 

 Differences in the male genital armature caused the senior author 

 to propose two subgenera, PJilehotomus s. sir., which includes P. 

 papatasii and its allied species or varieties, P. rouhaudi and P. duhoscqui, 

 and Newsteadia, in which all the other known species should be placed. 

 As Newsteadia is preoccupied as a generic name it is here replaced by 

 Sergentomyia. The characters differentiating these two subgenera 

 are given, and as there is between them a category for transitional 

 forms — in which P. malahariciis, Annandale, may perhaps be placed — ■ 

 this third category would form a third subgenus, Neophlebotomus. 



The terminology to be used and the points to be noted when preparing 

 specific descriptions are dealt with in detail. It is advised that females 

 be described from paired specimens only, unless the characters are quite 

 distinctive or the species is determined with certainty. 



Carpenter (G. H.) & Hewitt (J. O'N.). The Warble Flies : Fifth 

 Report on Experiments and Observations as to Life-history and 

 Treatment. — Jl. Dept. Agric. Tech. Instruct. Ireland, Dublin, 

 XX, no. 4, 1920, pp. 452-459, 3 diagrams, 1 map. 



The attempt to clear Mason Island of warble flies as mentioned in 

 the fourth report of this series [R.A.E., B, iii, 22] was given up, as 

 it was found that a large proportion of the islanders' cattle was trans- 

 ported to the mainland during the summer, and the animals were thus 

 necessarily subjected to the attack of the flies. 



Clare Island, Co. Mayo, three miles from the nearest point of the 

 mainland, was then selected, and a systematic destruction of larvae 

 on all the cattle (by squeezing out and destroying the maggots) was 

 begun early in 1915 and has been carried on each year since. In 1915 

 over 6,000 maggots were found ; by 1920 they had been exterminated. 

 The time taken was longer than had been expected, but in a locality 

 where the conditions were easier, success might probably be attained 

 after two years' work. 



Both Hypoderma bovis and H. lineatiim were found on the island, 

 and the statements previously published that calves and yearlings are 

 more heavily infested than older cattle, are strongly confirmed. An 

 important fact in the life-history of these flies brought out by these 

 investigations is that the period of emergence of mature maggots 

 extends to midsummer or later. It is therefore necessary to examine 

 all cattle every three weeks from January to July inclusive. Inspection 

 of imported cattle shows that continual watchfulness will be necessary 

 if the pest is to be kept out of the island in future, but the population 

 is fully alive to the benefits derived from the absence of the flies. 



