28 



world since the first general convention to consider the question was 

 held in New York City sixteen years ago, are reviewed. The United 

 States has advanced further in the campaign than any other country, 

 owing perhaps in large measure to the motive of personal comfort 

 With the outbreak of the war, however, malaria control became a 

 world-wide problem. New Jersey is conducting the mosquito 

 campaign on a larger and more resourceful scale than any other region, 

 and the results have been surprising. It is especially noteworthy 

 that this success has been obtained under expert entomological advice, 

 and the necessity is urged for exact knowledge of local species and their 

 habits and for trained entomologists to investigate the biology and 

 taxonomy of the hundred or more species of mosquitos in North 

 America. 



WiNSHip (E.). Methods and Results ot Mosguito Work in New York 



City. — Proc. Seventh Ann. Meeting, New Jersey Mosquito 



Extermination Assoc, Trenton, 1920, pp. 105-110. [Received 



2nd December 1920.] 



The year 1919 was a very unfavourable one as regards anti-mosquito 



measures in Greater New York. Continual heavy rainfalls during the 



summer months encouraged innumerable breeding-places, and mosquitos 



appeared in localities previously free from them. In spite of this the 



anti-mosquito campaign has been a most successful one, while the 



drained areas formerly constituting salt-marshes have been free from 



infestation. The ditching system in use is described, and is considered 



the cheapest method of exterminating mosquitos. Some 5,000 gallons 



of oil were used on the inland swamps, ponds and pools of New York 



during 1919, and it is considered that the value of these measures is 



enormous compared with the cost. 



Howard (L. O.). Swarming o£ Anopheles. — Science, Philadelphia, Pa., 

 lii, no. 1350, 12th November 1920, pp. 468-469. 

 As a result of the statement that no previous mention has been made 

 of the swarming of Anophelines [R.A.E., B., viii, 94] attention is 

 drawn to a paper by Knab [Psyche, February 1907) on the swarming 

 of Anopheles maculipennis. Say, also quoted in the monograph of the 

 mosquitos of North and Central America and the West Indies, with a 

 number of similar observations by other authors. 



Cheetha:\i (C. A.). Theobaldia arctica, Edw., in Yorkshire. — Naturalist, 

 London, no. 767, December 1920, p. 407. 

 Attention is drawn to the occurrence of Theobaldia alaskaensis, Ludl. 

 [arctica, Edw.) in May 1919 in Yorkshire. 



WiLHELMi (J.). Zur Ueberwinterung von Museiden. [Notes on the 



Hibernation of Muscid Flics.] — Zeitschr. angew. Entom., Berlin, 



vi, no. 2, Februaiy 1920, pp. 296-301. [Received 2nd December 



1920.] 



A knowledge of the conditions under which flies hibernate is necessary 



if successful measures are to be taken against them. Up to the present 



little is known on this point. 



As the results of experiments, Pollenia rudis appears to hibernate 

 as an adult, which remains motionless. Nothing was learned regarding 

 the pre-imaginal stages. 



