32 



Pearson (A.). Some Notes on Fifteen Years' Experience of Malaria 

 in the Upper Congo. — //. Trop. Med. & Hvs,., London, xxiii, 

 no. 14, 15th July 1920, pp. 177-180. 



These notes on malaria in Katanga, Belgian Congo, deal mainly 

 with quinine prophylaxis and treatment. The enormous importance 

 of mosquito prophylaxis is emphasised. 



Wen YON (C. M.). Carriage of Malaria by Hibernating Mosauitoes. — 



Lancet, London, cxcix, no. 5053, 3rd July 1920, p. 42. 



During the summer and winter of 1918 large numbers of mosquitos 

 were captured in a village in Macedonia, where there is a high malaria 

 rate among the children, and where Anopheles palestinensis {superpichis) 

 abounds. Partly developed oocysts were found all through the 

 winter, and the question arose whether the parasites would continue 

 their arrested development when the temperature became more 

 favourable. This was found to be the case with artificially hibernated 

 mosquitos, and it is quite possible that it would also occur in nature. 



Exposure of infected mosquitos with partly developed oocysts 

 to a low temperature in an ice-chest for 12 hours did not produce 

 degeneration in the oocysts, whereas a longer exposure did. It would 

 therefore seem that in nature a temporary exposure to a very low 

 temperature on an exceptionally cold night would not prevent 

 subsequent development. 



Ja:mes (S. p.). Hibernating Mosquitoes as Carriers of Malaria. — 



Lancet, London, no. 5054, 10th July 1920, cxcix, p. 99. 



The results of field and laboratory work mentioned in the preceding 

 communication may perhaps explain the similar occurrence in England 

 of malarial infections prior to the incidence of the current year's 

 Anopheline mosquitos. Most of the infections of local origin in England 

 happen during August and September, but occasionally some occur 

 as early as May, and these may be explained by supposing Anopheles 

 maculipennis infected in autumn to be a carrier in spring. 



Hehir (P.). Hibernating Mosquitoes as Carriers of Malaria. — Lancet, 

 London, cxcix, no. 5056, 24th July 1920, p. 217. 



In India, in the United Provinces and the Punjab, there appear to 

 be two malaria seasons, one in late spring and early summer, and the 

 other in autumn. In order to explain the occurrence of the former, an 

 investigation into the infectibility of hibernating mosquitos should be 

 made. Positive results may lead to the devising of measures against 

 mosquitos in their winter quarters in addition to those hitherto adopted 

 in India during the breeding season. 



PuRDY (W. C). Biological Investigation of California Rice Fields 

 relative to Mosquito Breeding. Progress Report. — Public Health 

 Repts., Washington, D.C., xxxy, no. 44, 29th October 1920, 

 pp. 2556-2570. 



Investigations, similar to those carried out in 1918 in Arkansas 

 [R.A.E., B, vhi, 63], were made in 1919 in the rice-growing region of 

 northern California. They included one rice ranch and the waters 

 near by, and the points observed differed in several particulars from 

 the preceding ones. The breeding places of mosquitos (both Anopheles 

 and Cidex) are practically absent from the rice fields themselves, 

 but at the same time moderate or large numbers are bred in neighbouring 



