35 



Fermi (C). Si pud col Metodo Grassi (Bonifica umana e Protezione 

 meccanica) smalarizzare 1' Italia in poclii Anni ? Prima Replica 

 alle Critiche mosse dal Grassi. Is it possiblr to free Italy from 

 Malaria in a few Years by t\\v Grassi Mctliod (Treatment of .Man 

 and mechanical Protection against Mosquitos) ? l-'irst Reply 

 to Grassi's Criticisms.] — Rome, Tipografia L. Adriani, 1920, 

 32 pp. 



This paper is controversial in nature. Professor Grassi is quoted 

 as stating that Italy can be freed from malaria in a few years by the 

 prophylactic treatment of man and the use of screens without drainage 

 and other land reclamation work. The author believes anti-mosquito 

 work and land reclamation to be superior to screening and propliylaxis 

 by means of drugs. 



^Iaktixi (E.). Ueber Stechmiicken, besonders dsren europaische Arten 

 und ihre Bekampfung. Mosquitos, particularly the European 

 Species, and their Control.]— .4 rcA. Scliifs- u. Trop.-Hyg., Lcipsic, 

 xxiv, Beiheft 1, August 1920, 267 pp., 117 figs., 4 plates. 



This monograph is intended for the practical worker and should 

 prove very helpful. The general section deals with the economic 

 importance of mosquitos, their anatomy, life-history, classification 

 and natural enemies, and methods of collecting them. The second 

 section is devoted to the Anophelines of Central and Southern Europe. 

 Cuhcines form the subject of the third part. A fourth section describes 

 the protective and combative measures that are adopted against them. 



The kej^s are supplemented by explanator}' figures. A list of 343 

 references completes the \-olume. 



Martixi (E.). Miickenplage in der Marsch, Chaetotaxis der Culiciden- 

 larven und anderes. rrhe Mosquito Plague in the Marsh District, 

 Chaetotaxy of Culicid Lar\-ae, and other Notes.]— .4fcA. Schiffs- 

 II. Trop.-Hyg., Lcipsic, xxiv, no. 11, November 1920, pp. 337-340. 



In observations made in June 1920 Culex pipicns, Acdcs annul ipcs, 

 and A. terriei began biting at dusk. In dull \\-eather, in buildmgs 

 or woods, all these species may bite by day, but in open country they 

 rarely attack during the day even in places where they swarm in the 

 evening. The typical forest species behave differently : Ochlcrotatns 

 maculatus {cantans) and 0. neinorosits bite throughout the day, 

 especially in the morning ; Aedcs cinereiis does the same, but prefers 

 the evening. .4. cinereiis and .4. sylvae bite as late as October. 



Tests show that the action of repellents is quite temporary. Creosote 

 ointment, which was the best, proved effective for about 15 minutes. 

 When the treated part of the body is covered, if only with a loose 

 handkerchief, the effect is enhanced and is less fugitive. In the case 

 of animals the hair may thus preserve the effect of odorous substances. 



Some notes on chaetotaxy are given. A. hyrcanus (sinensis) and 

 the species of the Myzorhynchiis group are characterised by a marked 

 development of bristles on the antennae ; this character, though to a 

 less extent, is also found in .4. maculipennis, A. pnnctipennis, and 

 related species. All these species appear to be comparati^'ely non- 

 susceptible to malignant tertian malaria, whereas carriers of this form 

 and of malaria generally are species with less development of hairs. 



