46 



as it appears to be entirely an ecto-parasite, spending the whole of its 

 larval existence attached to the proboscis of its host. If it is removed, 

 it can, however, crawl about quite actively, and seems at home when 

 placed in water. 



It is sometimes found in great numbers, especially on species of 

 Tahanus. No less than 74 individuals were found on a single proboscis. 

 When attacked to this extent the flies seem incapable of feeding 

 properly, and become weak and sluggish. 



De Stefani (T.) . Myiasis negli Animali domestici. [Myiasis in domestic 



Animals.] — Allevamenti, Palermo, ii, no. 1, 15th January 1921, 



pp. 18-19. 



This popular article on Diptera causing myiasis in domestic animals 



describes cases due to Hypoderma bovis, De G., and Gastrophilus equi, 



F. It is said that the offspring of an Anglo-Irish stallion in the Roman 



Campagna sickened and died in winter owing to infestation by G. eqiii, 



whereas native horses remained immune. The latter have strongly 



developed skin muscles, the violent contractions of which not only 



drive away the fly, but cause the larvae and eggs to drop off. 



Krober (O.). Die Clirysops Arten der palaarctischen Region nebst 

 den Arten der angrenzenden Gebiete. [The species of Chrysops of 



the Palaearctic Region and neighbouring Areas.] — Zool. Jahrb., 

 Jena, Abt. System. Geogr. Biol., xliii, no. 1-4, 1920, pp. 41-160. 

 2 plates, 12 figs. 



A list is given of the Palaearctic species of Chrysops and their 

 sjmonymy, as well as one arranged according to their geographical 

 distribution. Keys are given to both sexes of Nemorius, Chrysops 

 and Hcterochrysops. 



Some 54 species are described, including the new species Chrysops 

 pseiidoricardoae, from Turkestan ; C. loewi, from Siberia ; C. hermanni, 

 from the Caspian Sea ; C. miniitus ; C. [Hetero chrysops) inter rnptus, 

 from Armenia, Caucasus, Kurdistan and Astrachan ; and C. beckeri, 

 from Turkestan. 



Koch (A). Messende Untersuchungen iiber den Einfluss von Sauer- 

 stoff und Kohlensaure auf C ?//f .r-Larven bei der Submersion. 

 Studien an Culiciden. I. [Measuring Investigations on the Effect 

 of Oxygen and Carbonic Acid on Culex Larvae when submerged. 

 Studies on Culicides. I.]— Zoo/. Jahrb., Jena, Abt. Allgem. 

 Zool. & Physiol., xxxvii, no. 4, 1920, pp. 361-492, 21 figs. 



The author's summary of this paper has already been noticed 

 [R.A.E., B, vii, 49]. As a result of subsequent experiments it has 

 been found that under conditions producing acute physiological 

 disturbances, the tracheae and body walls of Culex are capable of both 

 functions of respiration, i.e., the absorption of oxygen and expiration 

 of carbonic acid [loc cit. viii, 118]. 



Tsetse Fly Investigation. — //. Dept. Agric, Union S. AJrica, Pretoria, i, 

 no. 9, December 1920, p. 799. 

 Owing to the serious losses of stock from trypanosomiasis experienced 

 by recent settlers, arrangements are being made for a special investi- 

 gation of tsetse-flies [Glossina spp.] in the Empangeni area of Zululand. 



