63 



The lye is dissolved in about three U.S. gals, of water, the resin^ 

 added, and the whole boiled until a clear dark brown solution is 

 obtained. Into an empty barrel, holding 50 U.S. gals., two U.S. gals, 

 of the oil are poured, then the hot resin and alkali solution, and the 

 mixture is briskly agitated. After a short time it becomes thick, 

 and finally assumes the consistency of a jelly. At this point more 

 oil (one U.S. gal., or a little niore) and about a quart of water are 

 added, and the whole agnin thoroughly agitated. This is continued 

 till all the oil and enough water to make 50 U.S. gals, of emulsion are 

 incorporated. In this way a homogeneous 70 per cent, crude oil 

 emulsion is obtained. This is emptied into the vat and the balance 

 of water added later to make a 35 per cent, dipping fluid. 



Water used in making soap dips should contain as little as possible 

 of those mineral elements that constitute so-called hard waters. If 

 necessary, precipitation of these elements (lime and magnesia salts) 

 can be caused by the addition of a little h'e and sodium carbonate ; 

 but moderately hard water offers no difficulty in making the dip. 



A simple instrument for testing the amount of crude oil contained 

 in the emulsion consists of a glass test-tube, the lower half of which 

 is divided into two 5 cu. cm. spaces, above which are ten 1 cu. cm. 

 divisions. To test the emulsion, 10 cu. cm. of it is put in the tube 

 and 5 cu. cm. of denatured alcohol added, followed by 5 cu. cm. of 

 50 per cent, hydrochloric acid. When the tube is well shaken, and 

 then gently tapped, the oil rises to the top. Each cubic centimetre 

 of the oil thus separated represents approximately 10 per cent, of oil 

 in the dip. 



Even with a dip of 40 per cent, strength no ill effects, such as irrita- 

 tion and blistering, were observed, either in hot weather or cold 

 (when, owing to the longer hair, more of the dip is carried off by the 

 animals). This emulsion is easily made in hot or cold weather, and 

 does not deteriorate even when kept in a cement vat for several 

 davs during a frost. 



Butler (W. J.). Directions for Dipping Cattle in Crude Oil Emulsions* 

 with Plans for the Construction of Dipping Vat, Chutes and Corrals. 



—Montana Livestock Sanitary Bd., Helena, i, no. 3, 1st January 

 1921, pp. 10-15, 4 figs. 



The great advantage of the crude oil emulsion dip described above 

 is that one dipping only is required, which does away with the necessity 

 of holding or regathering cattle. In addition, the dip is not heated, 

 and so is safer both in hot and cold weather. The cattle do not have 

 to be held in it, and it does not have to be changed at intervals, but 

 can be used as long as it is kept up to strength by adding more 

 concentrated em.ulsion. The cost is less than that of any recognised 

 dip where two dippings are required, but depends, of course, on the 

 locality. Experience with over 22,000 cattle showed it to be quite 

 effective against the scab mites and their eggs, and it will also kill 

 ticks and lice. The cattle suffered no ill effects, such as blistering or 

 stiffness. 



Plans are given for the construction of a dipping vat, etc., so designed 

 as to effect the utmost economy in fluid. A diagram is also given 

 of an electric prod pole. 



