68 



Other Madagascan species are : — Anophelinae : Anopheles [Myzo- 

 myia) funestus, Giles, A. {Pyretoplwrus) costalis. Lw., A. (P.) 

 marshalli, Theo., A. {Myzorhynchus) coustani, Lov., A. (M.) harhiros- 

 tris, Wulp, A. [M.) mauritianits, Grp., A. {Cellia) pharoensis, Theo., A. 

 (C.) squamosus. Theo., and A. (C.) tananarivensis, Ventr. Culicinae : 

 Eretmopodites condei, Ventr., Stegomyia fasciata, F., S. lamherti, Ventr., 

 5. cartroni, Ventr., Mansonioidcs {Mansonia) nniformis, Theo., Culex 

 gigantens, Ventr., C. neireti, Ventr., C. tigripes, Grp., C. insatiahilis, 

 Big., C. cartroni. Ventr., C. flaviis, Ventr., C. fatigans, Wied., C. 

 laurenti, Newst., C. ventrilloni, Edw., and Uranotaenia neireti, Edw. 



Eckstein (P.). Die Stechmiickenplage der Walder. [The Mosquito 

 Pest in Forests.] — Naturw. Zeitschr. Forst- u. Landw., Stuttgart, 

 xviii, no. 11-12, November-December 1920, pp. 285-290. 

 [Received 11th February 1921.] 



Mosquitos often prove very troublesome to foresters and forest 

 labourers, and most of the 22 species indigenous to Germany are found 

 in forests. They include Culex pipiens and Tlieobaldia [Cnliseta) 

 annidata, and as development in the latter requires only 14 days, a 

 neglected breeding- place may quickly give rise to huge swarms. 

 T. [Culicella) morsitans appears to attack birds only, and it may be the 

 vector of avian malaria. The Anophelines are Anopheles maculipennis 

 and A. hifurcatus, both being carriers of malaria. The Aedines are 

 the most common in forests. Owing to their habit of laying eggs 

 close to water in a dry situation the flooding of which leads to 

 hatching, they appear in summer immediately after rain or a rise of 

 the subsoil water. 



Ochlerotatus {Culicada) ornatus and Anopheles plumheus (nigripes) 

 are tree-hole breeders, and for this reason they do not become pests. 



Tanzer (E.) &: OsTERWALD (H.). Anopheles und Malaria in Halle. 

 Zugleieh ein Beitrag zur Morphologic und Biologic der Larve von 



Anopheles maculipennis, Meigen. [Notes on Anopheles and 

 Malaria at Halle, being also a Contribution to the Morphology 

 and Biology of the Larva of A. maculipennis.'] — Arch. Schiffs- 

 u. Tropenhyg., Leipsic, xxiii, Beiheft 2, July 1919, 48 pp., 27 figs, 

 2 plates, 1 map. [Received 14th Februar}- 1921.] 



The object of this work was to ascertain the distribution of Anopheles 

 maculipennis around Halle. An investigation of the biological con- 

 ditions of the breeding-places was also made. 



The Halle region is in the nature of a plateau intersected by wide 

 valleys. There are no large expanses of stagnant water, but natural 

 ponds and pools are not uncommon in the low-lying parts, while 

 artificial ones occur in the higher parts. 



The larvae of ^4. maculipennis are very common, but are never 

 found in well shaded water. Very dirty water is avoided, and small 

 collections of water are preferred to large ones. In running w'ater 

 the larvae are found along the banks, especially in the little bays 

 abounding in plants. The lack of vegetation and the agitated state 

 of the surface are probably the chief reason why the larvae are not 

 found in village ponds ; the presence of ducks, etc., does not appear 

 to be a primar3' factor. The larvae were sometimes found in water 

 far more than one metre deep [R. A.E., B, viii, 223]. The preference 



