161 



Kawai^iura (R.). Hattori (T.) & Yamaguchi (M.). On the Relation 

 between the Bird and the Red Mite, in Special Reference to the 

 Prevention o£ Tsutsugamushi Bisesise.— Tokyo IjiShinshi [Tokyo 

 Med. News] no. 2213, Februarv 1921. (.Abstract in Japan Med. 

 World, Tokyo, i, no. 2, 20th June 1921, p. 21.) 



On examination, the authors found birds of all the species in which 

 the tsutsugamushi disease occurs, infested with red mites, except 

 water- fowl and hawk-eagles. The species of red mites and the .season 

 in which they occur agree completely with those found in experimental 

 mammals, the buds being infested in the same manner. 



The authors think that the eradication of rats is rightly considered 

 an essential factor in the prevention of this disease, though all warm- 

 blooded animals must be regarded as dangerous. 



Patton (W. S.) & SuNDARA Rao (— ). Studics on the Flagellates of 

 the Genera Herpetomonas, Crithidia and Rhynchoidomonas. 

 No. 2. The Morphology and Life-history of Crithidia cienocephali, 

 sp. nov., parasitic in the Alimentary Tract of Ctenocephalus canis, 

 Curtice. 



Patton (W. S.). No. 3. The Morphology and Life-history of Rhyn- 

 choidomo7ias siphunculinac, sp. nov., parasitic in the Malpighian 

 Tubes of Siphuncidinafunicola, de Meijere. 



Patton (W. S.). No. 4. The Morphology and Life-history of Herpeto- 

 monas siphuncidinae, sp. nov., parasitic in the Ahmentary Tract 

 of Siphunculina funicola, de Meijere. 



Patton (W. S.) & Sundara Rao (S.). No. 5. The Morphology and 

 Life-history of Herpetomonas pulicis, sp. nov., parasitic in the 

 Alimentary Tract and Malpighian Tubes of Pulex irritans, L. 



Patton (W. S.), La Frenais (H. M.) & Sundara Rao (— ). No. 6. 

 Note on the Behaviour of Herpetomonas pulicis, Patton and Sundara 

 Rao, Crithidia ctenocephali, Patton and Sundara Rao, and Her- 

 petomonas miiscae domesticae, Burnett, in the Bed Bug, Cimex 

 hemiptera, Fabr. — Indian Jl. Med. Res., Calcutta, viii, no. 4, 

 April 1921, pp. 593-632, 5 plates. [Received 28th July 1921.] 



These papers, as indicated in their titles, give an account of various 

 Herpetomonas, Crithidia and Rhynchoidomonas known to occur in 

 fleas, eye flies and bed-bugs. 



The conclusions of the authors are as follows ■.— Crithidia ctenocephali 

 is a typical member of the genus, and is parasitic in the alimentary tract 

 of the larva, pupa and adult of Ctenocephahts canis. It is acquired 

 by the larva when feeding on the excreta of the adult insects. The 

 small round preflagellates closely simulate the round stage of the 

 parasite of kala-azar and should" not be confused with any stages of 

 these pathogenic flagellates. The flagehate stage is best seen in the 

 stomach of the larva. The post-flagellate stage may be found in the 

 larva, but more usually in the hind gut and rectum of the adult insect ; 

 it is passed out in the faeces of the flea and is again ingested by the 

 larva. So far as is known this parasite has no connection with any 

 ■ trypanosome in the blood of the dog, never having been found in 

 the blood of the dog or in the stomachs of dog fleas, so it is a natural 

 parasite of the flea. It has not proved possible to infect dogs with 

 it, but it is probable that white mice may be infected. 



(4334) Wt. P. 3/184 1500 10/21 Harrow G.75 N 



