194 



Austen (E. E). A Contribution to Knowledge o£ the Blood-sucking 

 Diptera of Palestine, other than Tabanidae. — Bull. Ent. Res., 

 London, xii, pt. 2, September 1921, pp. 107-124, 1 plate, 3 figs. 



The species dealt with are : the Chironomids, Leptoconops kerteszi, 

 Kieff. (the author agreeing with Kieffer in treating Tersesthes, Towns., 

 as a synonym of Leptoconops, Skuse), Cidicoides vitreipennis, sp. n., 

 C. piiripennis, sp. n., C. tentorius, sp. n., C. odiatiis, sp. n., C. newsteadi, 

 sp. n., C. guttularis, Kieff., C. odibilis, sp. n., C. circumscriptus, Kieff., 

 and Forcipomyia (?) bipunctata, L., var. ; the Culicids, Culex tri- 

 taeniorhynclms, Giles, and C. modestiis. Fie, which are additional 

 to the mosquitos already noticed [R.A.E., B, ix, 98] ; the Simuhids, 

 Simidium flavipes, sp. n. (attacking horses), and 5. equinnm, L. ; the 

 Psychodids, Phlebotomns papatasii, Scop., and P. minutus, Rond., var. 

 africanus, Newst. ; the Muscids, Philaeniatomyia crassirostris, Stein, 

 Stomoxys calcitrans, L., and Lvperosia irritans, L. ; and the Hippo- 

 boscids, Hippobosca equina, L., H. capensis, v. Olf., H. canielina. 

 Leach, Lynchia uiaura. Big., and Lipoptcna caprina, sp. n., the last 

 named infesting a goat. 



A key to the eight species of CuUcoidcs is given. 



For bionomic notes on the Anophehnes the author refers to his, 

 previous paper [R.A.E., B, viii, 51]. 



BisHOPP (F. C.) & Laake (E. W.). Dispersion of Flies by Flight.— 

 //. Agric. Res., Washington, D.C., xxi, no. 10, 15th August 

 1921, pp. 729-766, 3 figs, 11 tables. 



The following is part of the authors' conclusions to this paper, a 

 summary of which has already been noticed [R. A.E., B, vii, 121]. 



The experiments carried out show that under rural and urban 

 conditions flies have marked powers of diffusion. The maximum 

 distance of spread from the point of release as recorded in these tests- 

 was as follows for the several species : Musca domestica, 13T4 miles ; 

 Cochlioniyia {Chrysomyia) macellaria, 15T miles ; Phormia regina, 

 10'9 miles ; Lucilia sericata, T2 miles ; L. caesar, 3 5 miles ; Svnthe- 

 siomyia brasiliana, 0"5 miles ; Sarcophaga spp., 3 miles ; Ophyra- 

 leucostoma, 7 miles; 0. aencsccns, 4T miles. The estimated total 

 number of marked flies liberated in all the experiments reported upon 

 was 234,000, but it is considered that too few individuals of species 

 other than Musca domestica, Cqchliomyia macellaria, and Phormia 

 regina were liberated to form a reliable guide to their dissemination 

 tendencies. 



Marked flies of all species dispersed in all directions from the point of 

 liberation. Among the stimuli inducing dispersion the desire for food 

 and the desire for places for oviposition appear to be among the 

 strongest. The fact that many towns, farmhouses, and other favour- 

 able feeding and breeding grounds were passed by the flies shows that 

 M. domestica, C. macellaria and P. regina at least are not satisfied 

 by the mere finding of these places, but have marked migratory habits. 

 C. macellaria evinces stronger tendencies toward migration than does. 

 M. domestica. This tendency in P. regina under optimum climatic 

 conditions for the species is probably equal to that in C. macellaria.. 

 The other species were liberated in numbers too few for conclusions 

 to be drawn, but Ophvra leucostoma and 0. acnescens show marked^ 

 ability to travel considerable distances. 



