Twelfth Report of the State Entomologist 199 



have been severe and extensive over a large part of the State — Centre, 

 Tioga, Bradford, Susquehanna, Chester, Dauphin, Perry, Bucks, Lan- 

 caster, York and Cumberland counties, being the most unfortunate in 

 this respect. It was widespread in Ohio, although its injuries were local 

 and could be hardly termed general. It was reported as quite injurious 

 in Marinette, Menomenee and Monroe counties, in Wisconsin. In 

 Minnesota its ravages extended over most of the State, and were repre- 

 sented as very severe. It was reported as more or less destructive in the 

 following additional States : Missouri, California, Maryland and Iowa. 

 In towns of the Province of Ontario, Canada, it was also quite injurious. 



Earlier Losses in the State of New York. 



The first authentic record of injury in this State by the army-worm, so 

 far as we have found, was given by the Albany Argus in 1 817. In this 

 year many meadows and pastures in the northern towns of Rensselaer 

 county, and in the eastern portions of Saratoga county were rendered 

 "as barren as heath" by this insect. In 1842 some injury from it, was 

 reported in the western part of the State, It committed severe ravages 

 in the vicinity of Buffalo in 1861, also near the head of Seneca lake, and 

 at several other points in the southern and western counties. In 1871 it 

 was reported from Tioga county. Four years later it attracted attention 

 the latter part of July, and in the middle of August it was quite abundant 

 on Long Island. In 1880, it was again destructive in this State. The 

 caterpillars appeared in June on Long Island, where they caused much 

 alarm by their ravages. At this time they also occurred in some of the 

 southern and eastern counties of the State. 



It will be seen from the above that all the earlier appearances of this 

 pest have been limited to comparatively small areas in the State, and, 

 although the losses were considerable in some instances, especially in the 

 visitation of 1880, it is believed that none approached in magnitude those 

 of the present year. 



Its Extended Distribution. 



The army-worm has a remarkably extended distribution. Dr. Packard, 

 in his map published in 1877, limited its range as follows: north, at lati- 

 tude 48° in Minnesota, and at Cape Rozier in Quebec ; east by the 

 eastern portion of Nova Scotia; south, at the southern point of Texas; 

 west, at parallel 102°. This range can now be considerably extended. 

 It has been reported from Newfoundland, Prince Edward Island, and as 

 widespread all over Canada. In the United States, in addition to the 

 area given by Dr. Packard, the insect has been reported from South 

 Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, New Mexico ; and the past 



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