Twelfth Report op the State Entomologist 279 



In New Jersey they were observed in every county in the state, accord- 

 ing to Dr. Smith, although it was only in the eastern portion that they 

 were abundant. They were the most generally distributed in Bergen, Hud- 

 son, Essex, Union and Morris counties. From Pennsylvania reports 

 of its presence were received from Tunkhannock and Blue Mountain. 



Distribution of the variety Cassinii. 

 In response to the inquiry instituted by me in a circular distributed 

 in June, 1894 (republished in my loth Report, pp. 420-425) of the 

 occurrence of the above-named variety, a few replies only were returned, 

 their small number doubtless not indicating the absence of the variety, 

 but more probably their non-recognition by the ordinary observer. None 

 were observed at Nyack, Bangall or Hillsdale. A few were seen by Mr. 

 Livingston at Clermont, and at Clarksville, Mr. Bagley reported about 

 an equal number — Cassinii being rather the more numerous. 



Time of Appearance and Continuance of the Brood. 



The regulaiity of the time of the appearance and disappearance of this 

 insect is remarkable when its long term of life is considered.* Both 

 in this and in the adjoining states of Connecticut and New Jersey, it was 

 quite true to its appointed time ^ the first examples of the perfect insect 

 being seen the week following the 20th of May.f The peculiar cry of 

 the male which has been often described, was first heard late in May 

 in some places, and in others not until June 15th, and continued 

 until July ist in some localities,. and in others until the i6th, from indi- 

 viduals which were the last to mature. None were reported as having 

 been seen after the 20th of July. Thus the entire lime during which 

 living adults were to be found hardly exceeded two months. 



Pupee were first seen by Miss Emily Morton, of New Windsor, in the 

 early part of March and during April as they dug their way through the 

 soil of a green-house on the heights of Storm-Kill mountain. 



The Cicada Chambers. 



The interest aroused by the advent of this brood was greatly augmented 

 by the discovery of a number of places in this State of their peculiar clay 



* As an exception to this marl<ed regularity, Dr. Riley has stated: "The Periodical Cicada 

 frequently appears in small numbers, and more rarely in large numbers, a year before or a year 

 after its proper period." 



t The actual time of appearance is governed to a certain extent, not only by temperature, but 

 largely by the character and condition of the soil. At New Haven it was observed that they 

 issued earliest on the rocky heights where there were but a few inches of stony soil, and the latest 

 to appear came from the moist ground of a fruit garden. 



