Twelfth Rkpokt of the State Entomologist 293 



RiLEV-HowARD : in Insect Life, ii, 1890, p. 351 {ICo/astes a parasite of); 



in id., V, 1892, p. 51 (occurring ;it Brighton, Mass.). 

 Craw: in Bien. Rept. Cal. St. Bd. Horticul. for 1893-94, 1894, pp. 90- 



92, 2 figs, (in California, description and remedies). 

 CocREREi.L : in Entomolog. News, vi, 1895, p. 325 (at Agricul. Coll., 



Mich ); in Canad. Entomol., xxvi, 1895, p. 31 (listed); in Bull. 



III. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iv, Art. xi, 1896, p. 324 (listed, syn- 

 onymy). 

 Hillman: Bull. 28 Nev. St. Univer. Agricul. Expt. Stat., 1895, pp. 3-8, 



figs. 1-3 (account of in Nevada). 

 Lounsbury: Bull. 28 Hatch. Expt. Stat. Mass. Agricul. Coll., 1895, pp. 



23-26, figs. 13, 14 (brief account of in Mass.). 

 KiRKLAND : in Bull. 2, Ser. of 1897, Mass. Crop Rept. for June, 1897, 



pp. 35-37, fig. 5 (distribution in Mass., remedies). 



The sad condition of the shade-trees in many of our larger cities, is 

 exciting considerable attention and especially is this true where the elm- 

 leaf beetle, Galenicella Iiiteola, has become familiar through its defolia- 

 tion of numerous elms, the recent destruction of many fine trees in the 

 Hudson river valley, and the doomed condition of thousands of others. 

 As if the long list of insect pests preying upon the foliage or burrow- 

 ing within the bark and sap-wood of the elms was not sufficiently ex- 

 tended, another species has recently come over from abroad and is 

 rapidly extending its range, and fast making itself a public nuisance 

 from its blackening the foliage and branches and also the side walks 

 beneath with its vile excreta. 



Introduced from Abroad. 

 The elm-tree bark-louse, Gossyparia ulmi (Geoff.), like a large number 

 of our most common and injurious insects, is an introduced species. 

 The precise manner and time of introduction into this country are not 

 known and probably will never be definitely ascertained. It was first 

 brought to the notice of the U. S. Department of Agriculture in 1884 

 through Mr. Charles Fremd, of Rye, Westchester Co., N. Y., who at that 

 time complained of the elms in his nursery being troubled with thousands 

 of a red-looking mealy bug. The insect (represented in figure 2 of 

 plate XIV) had probably been brought over on some nursery stock 

 several years prior to its discovery at Rye. This importation is another 

 illustration of the ease with which insects can be introduced from other 

 countries on nursery stock. 



History of the Insect. 

 This bark-louse was not determined at the time it was received by 

 the U. S. Department of Agriculture from Mr. Fremd, nor in other send- 



