Eleventh Eeport op the State Entomologist 97 



PAGE. 



San Jos£ Scale, axd Other Destructive Scale Insects of New York. 20O 



What scale insects are, 200. Classificatiou, 200. Developmeut, 200. 

 Some species useful, 201. Number of species, 201. The api)le-tree bark- 

 louse, 201. Its eggs, 202. Food plants, 202. The scurfy bark-louse, 202. 

 Injuries and abundance, 202. Reference to illustrative figures, 202. Ap- 

 pearance of a badly infested tree, 202. Trees attacked by it, 203. The 

 pine-leaf scale-insect, 203. Injuries to Austrian pines in Washington 

 Park, Albany, 203. Figures and literature referred to, 203. The white 

 scale infesting conservatories and house plants, 203. Favorite food- 

 plants, 204. List of its food-plants, 204. The maple-tree scale-insect, 

 204. Readily recognized, 204. Immense number of its eggs, 204. De- 

 scription of the scale and reference to figures, 204. Nature and purpose 

 of its secretion, 204. Abundance in Brooklyn and elsewhere, 205. The 

 plum-tree scale-insect, 205. A new and destructive pest, 205. Appearance 

 in several localities in New York, 205. Its identification questioned, 205. 

 Characters of the Lecanium species, 205. Reference to a Bulletin on the 

 plum scale, 205. The figure illustrating it, 206. The San Joa6 scale, 

 206. One of the most pernicious species, 206. Its injuries in California, 



206. An introduced species, 207. Its native home not known, 207. 

 When first observed in California, 207. Occurrence in the Eastern 

 United States, 207. First seen in Virginia, 207. Investigated by the 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture, 207. Trees and shrubs attacked by it, 



207. Believed to have been brought from New Jersey, 207. Experi- 

 ments for its destruction, 208. Discovered in Maryland, 208. Thou- 

 sands of trees infested in Florida, 208. Infested localities in other East- 

 ern States, 209. Efl!orts made for its extermination at each locality, 

 210. Its discovery in an apple orchard in Columbia county, N. Y., on 

 stock received from New Jersey, 210. Extent of the infestation, 210. 

 Its spread believed to have been arrested, 210. Long Island nurseries 

 found to be badly infested, 212. The source unknown, 212. Not found 

 in Western New York nurseries, 212. Examination of the Long Island 

 nurseries, 213. The scale found in three of the nurseries, 213. Earnest 

 efforts for its destruction, 213. One of the nurseries censured, 213. 

 Another warmly commended, 214. Most of the eastern infestations 

 traceable to New Jersey, 215. Dr. Smith's etforts for subduing the 

 scale, 216. Aid received from the Wm. Parry nurseries, 217. Re- 

 quested aid refused by the Lovett nurseries, 217. Conduct of the own- 

 ers censurable, 218. The San Jose scale in Ohio, 219. Prof. Webster'^ 

 report upon it, 219. Description and figures of the scale, 219. Its pres- 

 ence on fruit, 220. The male insect, 220. The female insect, 221. 

 Life-history : both oviparous and viviparous, 221. References to it* 

 eggs, 222. The young insect, 222. Development of the scale, 323. The 

 number of broods, 223. Hibernation, 223. List of food-plants, 223. 

 How the insect is distributed, 224. Carried by other insects and birds,. 

 224. Distributed widely through sales of nursery stock, 225. Suggestion 

 for protection from infested stock, 225. Form of certificate to be given 

 by nurserymen, 226. Legislation against insect pests in several of the 



