Eleventh Report of the State Entomologist 145 



fringe, and having only a black apical triangular spot, smaller than in 

 Duponchal's figure and sometimes entirely wanting. The abdomen is 

 wholly yellow. The tibiae of the middle pair of legs are sulphur-yellow 

 and bear a pencil of cottony black hairs. 



Distribution. 

 This insect appears to be essentially a southern form and its introduc- 

 tion on Long Island accidental, as its reported distribution is apparently 

 limited to Mississippi and Texas, as recorded by Grote and Weed {loc. 

 cit.). Guenee gives " North America" as its habitat. 



Remedies. 

 The larvae had not proved very injurious to the plants that they in- 

 fested, for when their presence was discovered, it was not difficult to keep 

 them in control by applying fresh hellebore powder, either as a dust or 

 mixed in water. Paris green in water, and the kerosene emulsion killed 

 them readily. 



Pyralis costalis (Fabr.). 

 The Clover-Hay Caterpillar : The Gold-Fringe Moth. 



(Ord. Lepidoptera: Fam. PvRALiDiE.) 



Fabricius: Ent. Syst., iii, pars ii, 1794, p, 240, no. 420 (description as 

 Phalcena costalis). 



Guenee: Hist. Nat. Ins., viii, Delt. et Pyral., 1854, p. 118 (synonymy, 

 fimbrialis^costalis) . 



Humphreys : Gen. Brit. Moths, i, 1858, pi. 45, fig. 18 (as Hypsopygea 

 costalis). 



Stainton : Brit. Butt, and Moths, 1859, ii, p. 134 (characters). 



Harris: Ins. Inj. Veg., 1862, p. 456 (reference to "clover-worms" 

 in N. H.). 



Walsh: in Pract. Entomol., i, 1866, pp. 82-83 ("clover-worms," ravages, 

 notes on habits). 



Riley: in Prairie Farmer, Apr. 20, 1867, xxxv, p. 260 (life-history, 

 description, figures, as Pyralis olinalis, referred to F. costalis in 

 next issue); in Pr. Farmer Annual for 1868, p. 59 (description, 

 ravages, synonymy); in Amer. Ent., iii, 1870, p. 160 (in Mo. 

 and Canad., synonymy, remedies, as Asopia); 6th Mo. Rept., 

 1874, pp. 102-107, fig- 28 (distribution, ravages, remedies, 

 stages described, z.?, Asopia); in Rural New Yorker, June, 1882, 

 pp. 158-159 (not the army-worm of Ala. and Tex., as Asopia); 

 in 3d Rept. U. S. Entomol. Comm., 1883, p. 136 (as preceding); 

 in Insect Life, iv, 189 1, p. 112 (reference); Bull. 31 U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Div. Ent., 1893, p. 58 (listed). 



