Eleventh Report of the State Entomologist 203 



was stained of a pale yellowish color and commonly turned more or less 

 to one side." This refers to the female scale, shown in enlargement at c 

 of Fig. 2, Plate VIII. The male scales, which usually congregate by them- 

 selves (enlarged at d in same figure), are only from one-fourth to one- 

 third as large, narrow, usually straight, three-ribbed, and of a snowy-white 

 color. The eggs found beneath the scales are of a purplish-red color. 

 They hatch about the first of June. 



This scale attacks the apple, pear, black cherry, choke cherry, and 

 mountain ash. I have recently found it abundantly on the Japan 

 quince, Pyrus japotiica^ in Washington park, Albany, large plots of which 

 were being killed by it. 



The Pine-leaf Scale-insect. 



This is another white scale which is quite conspicuous on the leaves of 

 the pine and the spruce on which it occurs. It attacks mainly trans- 

 planted trees, and had not been seen by Dr. Fitch, when described by 

 him, on those growing spontaneously in the forests. The foliage of a 

 large number of Austrian pines {Finns Austriaca) growing in Washington 

 park, in Albany, a few years ago, was so thickly covered with the scales 

 that it was literally whitened with their myriads. Hundreds could be 

 counted on a single leaf. Nearly all of the infested trees were taken up 

 and burned. Large numbers of the scales were eaten into and destroyed 

 by a little lady-bug, — "the twice-stabbed lady-bird," — and to the 

 abundant presence of this scale-eating insect, may be owing the fact that 

 in late years the scale has been far less destructive (see Fifth Report 

 Insects of New York, 1889, page 266). 



The scale, known as Chionaspis pinifolii (Fitch), is represented in 

 Fig. 1 of Plate IX, in natural size upon the leaves, and much enlarged, 

 beneath. They are of an elongate oval form, of a pure white color with a 

 waxy luster, and with the conspicuous yellow cast skins resting on the 

 smaller end. Dr. Fitch, in his Second Report, 1856, has devoted a 

 half-dozen pages to the insect and its lady-bug destroyer. 



The White Scale. 



A troublesome scale frequently infests conservatories and house plants, 

 which may be recognized from the representation of infested leaves and 

 the magnified scales shown in Fig. 2 of Plate IX. 



The scales are white and are sometimes so abundant as to give a white- 

 washed appearance to the trunks of the trees that they infest. It is 

 known, in science, as Aspidiotus nerii Bouche. Its specific name oinerii 

 is drawn from the botanical name of the oleander, Netiutn, which is one 



