Eleventh Report of the State Entomologist 211 



the unpleasant intelligence that he was fearful that he still had the insect 

 with him, for he had found upon a single pear what he believed to be 

 the scale. It proved to be such, — perhaps a half-dozen of individuals 

 being scattered over its surface. 



On examining his orchards, the scale was found abundantly in one of 

 them — a young pear orchard in which a few trees had borne fruit, for 

 the first, the present year. Some of the trees were moderately infested — 

 perhaps a half-dozen scales or less being found upon them ; on others the 

 scale was so numerous as to fairly encrust the branches and most of the 

 trunk. It was apparent that the latter were those upon which the insect 

 had been introduced, and from which they had been scattered through- 

 out the orchard by the agency of birds or otherwise to individual trees in 

 various portions of it. 



Most, if not all, of the stock of this orchard, had been purchased of 

 the New Jersey nursery two years preceding the planting of that which 

 had been taken up and destroyed — the condition of this having been 

 overlooked at the time. A large portion of the orchard was critically 

 gone over by me, and the trees marked which called for special care in 

 the appUcation of the winter wash recommended, and those which should 

 be at once taken up and burned. The examination of the remainder of 

 the orchard was subsequently made, and a number of infested trees dis- 

 covered. So determined was Mr. Morrell to rid himself of this pest, that 

 rather than wait for a winter treatment, all of the infested trees, as he has 

 informed me, were taken up and burned : he believed that he did not 

 have a scale remaining in his orchard. If it should prove that in this he 

 has been over-confident, there is every reason to believe that within 

 another year, the scale will be exterminated in this locality. 



As the scale occurs also on the leaves — usually in rows along the 

 midrib on the upper side, it was recommended to Mr. Morrell that the 

 leaves from the worst infested trees which at the time of my visit were 

 lying on the ground beneath or near them, should be raked together and 

 burned, in order to prevent the chance of the scales being carried by the 

 winds over the entire orchard.* 



The infested trees were entirely of the d'Anjou variety. In two other 

 orchards of Mr. Morrell, of the Kieffer pear, not a scale was found, nor 

 on the apple, cherry, and plum trees that were examined. The infesta- 



*Dr. Smith does not believe that the fixed scale can be carried on fallen leaves. He states 

 (^Bulletin io6 Ne-w Jersey Agricul. Coll. Expt. Station, 1895, page 15) : " Only such as are affixed 

 to the tree itself have any chance of reproducing their kind. Those that fix to the leaves fall with 

 them, and as these dry or decay the insect dies for want of food before attaining maturity." 



