Eleventh Report of the State Entomologist 221 



long as the body, which is the external organ of reproduction. The an- 

 tennae are long and conspicuous, ten-jointed, eight of which are hairy. 



The above description of the male will be of no particular interest to 

 others tlian the entomological student, as but few fruit-growers will ever 

 see it in nature, as it is difficult to obtain and needs a good microscope 

 for its inspection. 



The fe7)mle. — Soon after the leafing of the tree in the spring, when the 

 young have crawled out from beneath the scales, close examination of an 

 infested twig will show them as yellowish objects, scarcely more than 

 points to the unaided eye, moving over the bark (Matthew Cooke has 

 given their size as one seventy-fifth of an inch). They are of an oval 

 form, with the normal number of legs pertaining to insects — three 

 pairs — and a pair of antennae. In Fig. i of Plate XIV, giving an en- 

 larged view of the insect from the under side, its curious long hair-like 

 beak or proboscis which serves it for feeding and for fastening itself to the 

 bark or leaf or fruit, is shown as curled up between the legs. 



The mature female can only be seen by j:aking her from beneath the 

 scale at the proper time. She then appears in a very different form from 

 that when moving over the bark. In a subsequent molting she had lost 

 her legs and antennae, retaining only for her need her long and delicate 

 proboscis consisting of four hair-like bristles within a two-jointed sheath. 

 Fig. 2 of the same Plate represents this stage of the insect, enlarged from 

 the hair-line at the right-hand side. It is shown from the underside as 

 seen with its transparency in nature, with a number of its young within, for 

 this species, unlike most of the scale-insects, which produce eggs, may 

 bring forth its young alive. Of the several segments into which the body 

 is divided, as indicated in the figure, the last one bears groups of spin- 

 nerets, anal and vaginal openings, and upon its border, lobes, incisions, 

 and spines (some of which are shown in enlargement at d) : from the loca- 

 tion, number, and form of these, important and reliable characters are 

 drawn for the separation of the species, which may not be found in the 

 study of the external scale alone, where they closely resemble one another. 



Its Life-History. 

 Most of the Coccidffi are oviparous — that is, they deposit eggs under- 

 neath the scale, from which the young are soon thereafter hatched. A 

 few are known to be viviparous, /. c., bringing forth living young, as 

 AspiiUotus te?ichricosus occurring on maple, and a few species of the genus 

 Lecanium* It would seem that the San Jose scale, Aspidiotus perniciosus, 



* As Lecanium hesperidum, L. />iniyceru\ L tuUpi/erce^ and two unnamed species on the red- 

 bay and on Acacia. — Riley, in Proc. Ent. Soc. IVash.^ iii, i8g<i pp. 67, 69. 



