poison at the strength of 1 part to 50 of water, but is too expensive 

 for general use. None of the three compounds was of sufficient 

 strength to kill all the larvae and some always reached the pupal stage. 

 One apparently healthy adult emerged from a borax and iron sulphate 

 dish. Outdoor experiments with iron sulphate showed that the lar\'ae 

 can be killed if this substance is carefully mixed with the manure. 

 Surface treatment of manure heaps with iron sulphate does not result 

 in total elimination of the larvae. The fertilising value of the manure 

 did not appear to be seriously harmed. Pyroligneous acid had no 

 effect on any stages of development. Fly breeding in horse stables 

 was practically eliminated by the use of iron sulphate. No breeding 

 was observed to take place in old compost heaps. Ammonia was not 

 given off from these in a perceptible quantity, nor did they possess 

 the characteristic odour of fresh manure. These observations suggest 

 that the female fly may be attracted to fresh manure either by the 

 odour of ammonia or by the foecal odour. Experiments conducted 

 at a time when flies were abundant indicated that the attractiveness 

 of ammonia was slight. Alcohol extract of manure was attractive 

 to larger numbers of flies than water or ether extract, because it con- 

 tained the largest quantity of the compounds which produce the foecal 

 odour, namely, skatol and indol ; these substances deserve a trial as 

 baits for fly traps, although their present cost would probably limit 

 their use to dilute solutions. 



All manure from horse and cow sheds was placed daily in cement 

 pits and these were emptied, with a few exceptions, at least once a 

 week. Chicken manure, in the one instance in which it was infested 

 by larvae, was treated with unslaked lime and water, which raised the 

 temperature to 140° F. and killed the larvae. This procedure camiot 

 be recommended, as it undoubtedly drives off most of the ammonia 

 from the manure. Sulphur was used for fumigation against adult flies 

 on a number of occasions. 



Headlee (T. H.). Report on the Mosquito Work for 1914. — Rept. 



Entom. Dept., Neiv Jersey Agric. Coll. Expt. Sta., for 1914, 

 Paterson, 1915, pp. 401-466. [Received 12th November 1915.] 



During 1914 considerable attention was devoted to salt-marsh 

 mosquito control. The long-continued low temperature at the 

 beginning of the season delayed the development of the early spring 

 brood. The principal species in this brood was Aedes cantator, 

 Coq., but in the southern parts of the State it was associated with 

 A. sollicifans, Wlk. In wooded areas, this brood remained in evidence 

 for about eight weeks. From the emergence of the early brood until 

 the 15th July, the number of mosquitos from the drained salt-marsh 

 was negligible and the number from the undrained marshes only 

 normal. After this date the tides became high and did not resume 

 their former level until 25th July. A second brood occurred towards 

 the end of this period. The members of this brood which emerged 

 from the undrained and incompletely drained marshes spread through 

 the pines and farm land for more than 30 miles from the coast. The 

 brood which issued during the latter half of July from the undrained 

 marshes of South Jersey was augmented and replaced by later ones 

 and continued troublesome throughout August and September. 



